Shloka 7

कृतघ्ननिन्दा तथा सुग्रीवप्रबोधनम्

Condemnation of Ingratitude and Admonition of Sugriva

Devanagari script

सत्त्वाभिजनसम्पन्नस्सानुक्रोशो जितेन्द्रियः।कृतज्ञस्सत्यवादी च राजा लोके महीयते।।।।

Transliteration

sattvābhijanasampannaḥ sānukrośo jitendriyaḥ |

kṛtajñaḥ satyavādī ca rājā loke mahīyate ||

Translation

徳と高き家柄を備え、慈悲深く、感官を制し、恩を知り、真実を語る王は、世に尊ばれ栄える。

Word by Word

• sattva-abhijana-sampannaḥ: endowed with virtue and noble birth
• sattva-abhijana-sampannaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sattva (सत्त्व) + abhijana (अभिजन) + sampanna (सम्पन्न)
• Form: बहुपद-तत्पुरुष-समास (‘endowed with virtue and noble lineage’), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• sa-anukrośaḥ: compassionate
• sa-anukrośaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (स-) + anukrośa (अनुक्रोश प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (‘with compassion’), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• jita-indriyaḥ: self-controlled
• jita-indriyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jita (जित कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + indriya (इन्द्रिय प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि (‘whose senses are conquered/controlled’), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• kṛtajñaḥ: grateful
• kṛtajñaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (कृत) + jña (ज्ञ)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (‘knowing what is done’ = grateful), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• satyavādī: truthful
• satyavādī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: satya (सत्य) + vādin (वादिन् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (‘speaker of truth’), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (च अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• rājā: a king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (राजन् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• loke: in the world
• loke: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (लोक प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन

• mahīyate: is honored / is exalted
• mahīyate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: mah (मह् धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगसदृश अर्थ (is honored/exalted)

Context

'Only a king who is an heir to a noble family, compassionate, and self-controlled, grateful and truthful excels in the world.

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sugrīva
• Rājā (ideal king)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rulership is validated by inner virtues—compassion, self-control, gratitude, and truthfulness—not merely by power.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa admonishes Sugrīva by stating the standards of righteous kingship, implicitly contrasting them with Sugrīva’s delay.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Satya (truthfulness) and kṛtajñatā (gratitude) as essential royal virtues that sustain alliances and moral authority.