Shloka 1

कृतघ्ननिन्दा तथा सुग्रीवप्रबोधनम्

Condemnation of Ingratitude and Admonition of Sugriva

Devanagari script

तमप्रतिहतं क्रुद्धं प्रविष्टं पुरुषर्षभम्।सुग्रीवो लक्ष्मणं दृष्ट्वा बभूव व्यथितेन्द्रियः।।।।

Transliteration

tam apratihataṃ kruddhaṃ praviṣṭaṃ puruṣarṣabham | sugrīvo lakṣmaṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā babhūva vyathitendriyaḥ ||

Translation

ラクシュマナが怒りに燃え、止めがたく、人中の雄牛のごとく踏み入るのを見て、スグリーヴァは内より動揺し、感覚も乱れた。

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अप्रतिहतम्: unobstructed
• अप्रतिहतम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अप्रतिहत (प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + √हन्/√हन्त्? 'to strike/obstruct' in sense 'unhindered')
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; नञ्-तत्पुरुषः (न प्रतिहतः)

• क्रुद्धम्: angry
• क्रुद्धम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त; √क्रुध् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle)

• प्रविष्टम्: entered
• प्रविष्टम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रविष्ट (कृदन्त; √विश् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त

• पुरुष-ऋषभम्: the best of men
• पुरुष-ऋषभम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक) + ऋषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (पुरुषाणाम् ऋषभः = bull among men)

• सुग्रीवः: Sugriva
• सुग्रीवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• लक्ष्मणम्: Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund)

• बभूव: became
• बभूव: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• व्यथित-इन्द्रियः: whose senses were distressed
• व्यथित-इन्द्रियः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यथित (कृदन्त; √व्यथ् धातु) + इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (व्यथितानि इन्द्रियाणि यस्य)

Context

On seeing the angry Lakshmana, a bull among men, who could not be obstructed, enter in, Sugriva was disturbed.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Lakṣmaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes answerability: when one delays a promised duty, the rightful reprimand of a principled ally becomes inevitable; fear arises from awareness of moral lapse.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa confronts Sugrīva after the promised mobilization to help Rāma has been delayed; Sugrīva reacts with anxiety upon seeing Lakṣmaṇa’s anger.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Lakṣmaṇa’s moral force and unwavering commitment to Rāma’s cause; Sugrīva’s conscience is also implied by his disturbed reaction.