Shloka 48

Devanagari script

नियम्य कोपं प्रतिपाल्यतां शरत्क्षमस्व मासां श्चतुरो मया सह।वसाचलेऽस्मिन्मृगराजसेवितेसंवर्धयन् शत्रुवधे समुद्यमम्4.27.48।।

Transliteration

niyamya kopaṃ pratipālyatāṃ śarat

kṣamasva māsāṃś caturō mayā saha |

vasācale 'smin mṛgarājasevite

saṃvardhayan śatruvadhe samudyamam || 4.27.48 ||

Translation

怒りを抑え、秋を待ちましょう。私とともにこの四か月をお許しください。獅子王の訪れるこの山に住み、敵を討つ決意を育んでください。

Word by Word

• niyamya: having restrained
• niyamya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ni-√yam (यम् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्) from ni-√yam

• kopam: anger
• kopam: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kopa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular

• pratipālyatām: let (it) be waited for/observed
• pratipālyatām: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati-√pāl (पाल् धातु)
• Form: Imperative/benedictive-like passive injunction: Loṭ (लोट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular, Ātmanepada; passive sense ‘let (it) be waited for/observed’

• śarat: autumn
• śarat: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śarat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; subject of pratipālyatām

• kṣamasva: forgive, be patient
• kṣamasva: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṣam (क्षम धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular; Ātmanepada

• māsān: months
• māsān: Karma (कर्म/object of kṣamasva: endure months)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural

• caturaḥ: four
• caturaḥ: Karma (कर्म/object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: catur (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural; numeral adjective qualifying māsān

• mayā: with me
• mayā: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/with)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (अस्मद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular; 1st person pronoun

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, postposition meaning ‘with’ (सह-योग)

• vasa: stay, dwell
• vasa: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vas (वस् धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular; Parasmaipada

• acale: on the mountain
• acale: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: acala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (सप्तमी), Singular

• asmin: in/on this
• asmin: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/location qualifier)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (इदम् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (सप्तमी), Singular; deictic pronoun agreeing with acale

• mṛga-rāja-sevite: frequented by lions
• mṛga-rāja-sevite: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mṛga (प्रातिपदिक) + rāja (प्रातिपदिक) + sevita (√sev + क्त)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: मृगराजैः सेवितः; Locative (सप्तमी), Singular, Masculine; qualifies acale/asmin

• saṃvardhayan: increasing, fostering
• saṃvardhayan: Karta (कर्ता/agent qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃ-√vṛdh (वृध् धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; agrees with (tvam implied)

• śatru-vadhe: in the killing of enemies
• śatru-vadhe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śatru (प्रातिपदिक) + vadha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa ‘slaying of enemies’; Locative (सप्तमी), Singular; sphere/purpose

• samudyamam: effort, enterprise
• samudyamam: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samudyama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular; object of saṃvardhayan

Context

'O Saumitri, subduer of enemies! this beautiful mountain cave is spacious and adequately ventilated. We will reside here in the rainy season.

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Rāma
• Autumn (śarat)
• Mountain (acala)
• Lions (mṛgarāja)
• Enemy (implicit: Rāvaṇa/forces of adharma)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is self-restraint (controlling anger) and forbearance (kṣamā) while preparing for righteous action. The verse teaches that disciplined waiting can be part of duty, not a failure of courage.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa counsels Rāma to endure the monsoon for four months, stay on the mountain, and use the time to build resolve for the coming campaign.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Lakṣmaṇa’s practical dharmic counsel—channeling emotion into disciplined preparation and steadfast purpose.