Shloka 17

Devanagari script

इत्येवमुक्तस्सुग्रीवो वालिना भ्रातृसौहृदात्।हर्षं त्यक्त्वा पुनर्दीनो ग्रहग्रस्त इवोडुराट्।।

Transliteration

ity evam uktaḥ sugrīvo vālinā bhrātṛ-sauhṛdāt | harṣaṃ tyaktvā punar dīno graha-grasta ivodurāṭ ||

Translation

このようにヴァーリが兄弟の情より語りかけると、スグリーヴァは喜びを捨て、再び沈み込んだ――惑星にとらえられた月のごとく。

Word by Word

• इति: thus/so
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उद्धरण-चिह्न)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; इति-शब्दः (quotative particle)

• एवम्: in this manner
• एवम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• उक्तः: having been spoken to/addressed
• उक्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्यय

• सुग्रीवः: Sugriva
• सुग्रीवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• वालिना: by Vali
• वालिना: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वालिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; करण/कर्तृ-निर्देश (by)

• भ्रातृसौहृदात्: due to brotherly affection
• भ्रातृसौहृदात्: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ + सौहृद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (भ्रातुः सौहृदम्) = brotherly affection; अपादान/हेतु (from/because of)

• हर्षम्: joy
• हर्षम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• त्यक्त्वा: having abandoned
• त्यक्त्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज् (धातु) + क्त्वा (अव्ययकृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund); पूर्वकाल (having done)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• दीनः: dejected
• दीनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying सुग्रीवः)

• ग्रहग्रस्तः: eclipsed/seized by a planet
• ग्रहग्रस्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ग्रह + ग्रस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (ग्रहैः ग्रस्तः) = seized/eclipsed by a ग्रह; विशेषण

• इव: like/as
• इव: Upamana-marker (उपमा-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमा-वाचक (particle of comparison)

• उडुराट्: the moon
• उडुराट्: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उडुराज्/उडुराट् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; उपमान (standard of comparison)

Context

Thus spoken to by Vali with brotherly affection, Sugriva gave up joy (of victory) and appeared dull like the Moon eclipsed by planet Rahu.

Characters & Entities

• Vali
• Sugriva
• moon (uḍurāṭ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes emotional sobriety in moments of power: victory should not erase compassion or responsibility toward family and the dying.

What is the narrative situation?

After Vali’s affectionate counsel, Sugriva’s triumphant mood collapses into sorrow as he confronts the gravity of Vali’s impending death.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Empathy and remorse—Sugriva’s joy yields to humane awareness of loss.