Shloka 23

द्वितीयः सर्गः (Sarga 2): Sugriva’s Alarm and Hanuman’s Commission

Devanagari script

कृत्येषु वाली मेधावी राजानो बहुदर्शिनः।भवन्ति परहन्तारस्ते ज्ञेयाः प्राकृतैर्नरैः।।

Transliteration

kṛtyeṣu vālī medhāvī rājāno bahudarśinaḥ | bhavanti parahantāras te jñeyāḥ prākṛtair naraiḥ ||

Translation

ヴァーリンはその企てにおいて賢明であり、王たちは先見の明がある。彼らは策略によって敵を滅ぼす者となる。そのような意図は、凡人であっても見抜かねばならない。

Word by Word

• कृत्येषु: in actions/undertakings
• कृत्येषु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Domain)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), बहुवचन

• वाली: Vali
• वाली: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वालिन्/वालि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मेधावी: wise/intelligent
• मेधावी: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मेधाविन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘वाली’ इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• राजानः: kings
• राजानः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• बहुदर्शिनः: far-seeing/experienced
• बहुदर्शिनः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु + दर्शिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (बहु पश्यन्ति/दर्शिनः)

• भवन्ति: become/are
• भवन्ति: क्रिया (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• परहन्तारः: slayers of others/enemies
• परहन्तारः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर + हन्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (परान् हन्ति)

• ते: they/those
• ते: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; संकेतवाचक-सर्वनाम

• ज्ञेयाः: should be known
• ज्ञेयाः: विधेय (Predicate necessity)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: तव्यत्/य-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘to be known/should be recognized’

• प्राकृतैः: by ordinary
• प्राकृतैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राकृत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन; ‘नरैः’ इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• नरैः: by men
• नरैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन

Context

'Vali is wise in his actions. Kings employ many strategies to annihilate their enemies. Our gullible individuals should be able to detect them.

Characters & Entities

• Sugriva
• Hanuman
• Vali
• Kings (rājānaḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in governance demands awareness of strategy and motive; naïveté can enable adharma to succeed through deception.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva explains Vālī’s strategic capability and cautions that even common followers must learn to detect hostile designs.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Strategic awareness (nīti-jñāna) balanced with moral responsibility.