Shloka 19

द्वितीयः सर्गः (Sarga 2): Sugriva’s Alarm and Hanuman’s Commission

Devanagari script

सुग्रीवस्तु शुभं वाक्यं श्रुत्वा सर्वं हनूमतः।ततश्शुभतरं वाक्यं हनूमन्तमुवाच ह।।

Transliteration

sugrīvas tu śubhaṃ vākyaṃ śrutvā sarvaṃ hanūmataḥ | tataḥ śubhataram vākyaṃ hanūmantam uvāca ha ||

Translation

ハヌマーンの吉祥にして賢明な言葉をすべて聞き終えると、スグリーヴァはさらにいっそう優美な言葉でハヌマーンに語りかけた。

Word by Word

• सुग्रीवः: Sugriva
• सुग्रीवः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• तु: indeed/also/but
• तु: सम्बन्ध/निपात (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात/समुच्चयार्थ-भेदक (particle; contrast/emphasis: 'but/also')

• शुभम्: auspicious
• शुभम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifier)

• वाक्यम्: speech/words
• वाक्यम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund); ‘श्रुत्वा’ = having heard; अव्ययभाव (indeclinable verbal)

• सर्वम्: all/entire
• सर्वम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; ‘वाक्यम्’ इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• हनूमतः: of Hanuman
• हनूमतः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हनूमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• ततः: then/thereupon
• ततः: कालाधिकरण (Temporal adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• शुभतरम्: more auspicious
• शुभतरम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; तरप्-प्रत्ययान्त (comparative: more auspicious)

• वाक्यम्: speech/words
• वाक्यम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• हनूमन्तम्: Hanuman
• हनूमन्तम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हनूमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• उवाच: said/spoke
• उवाच: क्रिया (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ह: indeed (emphatic)
• ह: सम्बन्ध/निपात (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle; narrative emphasis)

Context

Agitated at heart, the best of vanaras started in all directions and could not settle down at one spot.

Characters & Entities

• Sugriva
• Hanuman

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma values respectful listening and responding with courteous speech—good counsel should be received with humility and gratitude.

What is the narrative situation?

After Hanumān’s counsel, Sugrīva regains composure and begins to reply, setting up the next instructions.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Receptivity to wise advice and respectful communication (vinaya).