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Shloka 3

किष्किन्धायां सुग्रीवस्य नादः

Sugriva’s War-Cry at Kishkindha

Devanagari script

ततस्स निनदं घोरं कृत्वा युद्धाय चाह्वयत्।परिवारैः परिवृतो नादैर्भिन्दन्निवाम्बरम्4.14.3।।गर्जन्निव महामेघो वायुवेगपुरस्सरः।

Transliteration

tatas sa ninadaṁ ghoraṁ kṛtvā yuddhāya cāhvayat |

parivāraiḥ parivṛto nādair bhindann ivāmbaram || 4.14.3 ||

garjann iva mahāmegho vāyuvegapurassaraḥ |

Translation

そのとき彼は仲間に囲まれ、恐るべき轟きを放って戦いを挑んだ。その叫びは天を裂くかのようで、風の速さに先導されて進む大いなる雷雲が轟くようであった。

Word by Word
tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya, adverb: "then"
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; pronoun referring to Sugrīva
ninadamroar/sound
ninadam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootninada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ghoramterrible
ghoram:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootghora (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifying ninadam
kṛtvāhaving made
kṛtvā:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kṛ (कृ धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त): "having made/uttered"
yuddhāyafor battle
yuddhāya:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootyuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; purpose dative
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, conjunction
āhvayatchallenged
āhvayat:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā + √hve (ह्वे धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada: "called/challenged"
parivāraiḥwith companions
parivāraiḥ:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
TypeNoun
Rootparivāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
parivṛtaḥsurrounded
parivṛtaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpari + √vṛt (वृत् धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/कृदन्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; predicative: "surrounded"
nādaiḥwith roars/sounds
nādaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootnāda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
bhindanpiercing
bhindan:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhid (भिद् धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ/कृदन्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; "piercing/splitting"
ivaas if/like
iva:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, particle of comparison
ambaramthe sky
ambaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootambara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
garjanroaring
garjan:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√garj (गर्ज् धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; "roaring"
ivalike
iva:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, comparison
mahā-meghaḥa huge cloud
mahā-meghaḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + megha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; Karmadhāraya: "great cloud" (upamāna)
vāyu-vega-purassaraḥmoving with the speed of the wind
vāyu-vega-purassaraḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootvāyu (प्रातिपदिक) + vega (प्रातिपदिक) + purassara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; Tatpuruṣa: "having the speed of wind in front/leading" = moving with wind-speed; qualifying saḥ
Context

'Proud of their own prowess, heroes will not brook the challenge of foes in battle, specially in the presence of women.'

Characters & Entities
S
Sugriva
S
sky (ambara)

FAQs

The verse frames a direct challenge as a public assertion of resolve; in dharmic conflict, confrontation is to be open and accountable (not hidden or deceitful), aligning force with declared intent.

Sugriva, supported by his followers, issues a battle-challenge at Kishkindha, signaling the imminent duel with Vali.

Courage and leadership—Sugriva acts publicly, rallying companions and taking responsibility for the challenge.

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