Shloka 10

द्वादशः सर्गः — Rama’s Proof of Power, the First Duel, and the Identification Mark

Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 12

Devanagari script

अद्य मे विगतश्शोकः प्रीतिरद्य परा मम।सुहृदं त्वां समासाद्य महेन्द्रवरुणोपमम्4.12.10।।

Transliteration

adya me vigataś śokaḥ prītir adya parā mama | suhṛdaṃ tvāṃ samāsādya mahendravaruṇopamam ||

Translation

今日、我が憂いは去り、今日、我が喜びはこの上ない。インドラとヴァルナに比すべき汝を友として得たゆえに。

Word by Word

• adya: today/now
• adya: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्ययम् (temporal adverb)

• me: my/of me
• me: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः (Genitive/6th), एकवचनम्

• vigataḥ: gone
• vigataḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi + gam (धातु) + ta (क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्तः—क्त (past participle), पुल्लिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; ‘शोकः’ इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• śokaḥ: sorrow
• śokaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• prītiḥ: joy/pleasure
• prītiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prīti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• adya: today/now
• adya: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्ययम्

• parā: supreme/great
• parā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषणम्, स्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; ‘प्रीतिः’ इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• mama: my/of me
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• suhṛdam: friend
• suhṛdam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suhṛd (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative/2nd), एकवचनम्; ‘त्वाम्’ इति विशेषणभावेन (apposition)

• tvām: you
• tvām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• samāsādya: having met/approached
• samāsādya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial to main sense)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-sad (धातु) + ya (ल्यप्)
• Form: कृदन्तः—ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययवत्; पूर्वकालिकक्रिया (having approached/obtained)

• mahendra-varuṇa-upamam: comparable to Indra and Varuna
• mahendra-varuṇa-upamam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahendra (प्रातिपदिक) + varuṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + upama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समासः (upamāna-tatpuruṣa: ‘महेंद्रवरुणयोः उपमम्’), नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; ‘त्वाम्’ इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

Context

'Having found a friend in you comparable to Indra and Varuna, my grief is gone and I am so happy now.

Characters & Entities

• Sugriva
• Rama
• Indra
• Varuna

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The dharma of friendship and refuge: finding a righteous ally restores hope and stability, showing that ethical bonds can dispel despair.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugriva expresses relief and happiness after securing Rama’s friendship and support.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugriva’s gratitude and faith in righteous companionship.