Shloka 13

सुग्रीवस्य वैरानुकथनम्

Sugriva’s Account of Enmity and Appeal to Rama

Devanagari script

विदितं वो यथा रात्रौ मायावी स महासुरः।।मां समाह्वयत क्रूरो युद्धाकाङ्क्षी सुदुर्मतिः।

Transliteration

viditaṃ vo yathā rātrau māyāvī sa mahāsuraḥ | māṃ samāhvayat krūro yuddhākāṅkṣī sudurmatiḥ ||

Translation

皆も知るとおり、夜、あの大アスラのマーヤーヴィーが、残忍で邪心に満ち、戦いを渇望して、私に決闘を挑んだ。

Word by Word

• viditam: is known
• viditam: Kriyā-samānādhikaraṇa (क्रियासमानाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vid (धातु) + ta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘known’ (impersonal: it is known)

• vaḥ: to you; among you
• vaḥ: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; षष्ठी/चतुर्थी बहुवचन-रूप (to you/your)

• yathā: as
• yathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; यथार्थ/प्रकार (as/how)

• rātrau: at night
• rātrau: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन

• māyāvī: Māyāvī
• māyāvī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māyāvin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम (proper name)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• mahāsuraḥ: the great demon
• mahāsuraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā-asura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय: mahā (महान्) + asura (असुर); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; द्वितीया, एकवचन

• samāhvayat: challenged; called out
• samāhvayat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-hvā (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• krūraḥ: cruel
• krūraḥ: Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: krūra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तृ-विशेषण

• yuddhākāṅkṣī: desiring battle
• yuddhākāṅkṣī: Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yuddha-ākāṅkṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष: yuddhasya ākāṅkṣī; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• sudurmatiḥ: the very wicked-minded one
• sudurmatiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: su-durmati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय: su (अति) + durmati (दुष्टबुद्धि); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

'You know very well how that wicked demon, Mayabi, that night challenged me angrily to a duel.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Māyāvī (asura)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya in narration: Sugrīva grounds his claim in a known event, presenting facts rather than mere accusation to justify later actions.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva begins recounting the episode of the demon Māyāvī challenging him, which led to the chain of events with Vālin.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage and readiness to face a challenger, framed within truthful testimony.