Shloka 1

सुग्रीवस्य वैरानुकथनम्

Sugriva’s Account of Enmity and Appeal to Rama

Devanagari script

ततः क्रोधसमाविष्टं सम्रब्धं तमुपागतम्।अहं प्रसादयाञ्चक्रे भ्रातरं प्रियकाम्यया

Transliteration

tataḥ krodhasamāviṣṭaṃ samrabdhaṃ tam upāgatam | ahaṃ prasādayāñ cakre bhrātaraṃ priyakāmyayā ||

Translation

そのとき、怒りに呑まれ昂ぶって来た兄が近づくと、私は我らにとって愛しく益あることを願い、彼をなだめようと努めた。

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kāla (काल/temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), अर्थः—‘then/thereafter’

• क्रोध-समाविष्टम्: overpowered by anger
• क्रोध-समाविष्टम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक) + समा-विश् (धातु) → समाविष्ट (कृदन्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (क्रोधेन समाविष्टः), क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (tam)

• सम्रब्धम्: agitated
• सम्रब्धम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-रभ् (धातु) → सम्रब्ध (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (tam)

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचन

• उपागतम्: having come; arrived
• उपागतम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-आ-गम् (धातु) → उपागत (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (tam)

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रसादयाम्: (to) appease
• प्रसादयाम्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-सद् (धातु) → प्रसादय (णिच् causative)
• Form: णिच्-प्रयोग (causative stem), लिट् (perfect) in periphrastic construction with चकार; here as verbal noun/inflected element in ‘प्रसादयाञ्चक्रे’

• चक्रे: I did (i.e., I appeased)
• चक्रे: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (perfect), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; ‘प्रसादयाम् + चक्रे’ = ‘I appeased’

• भ्रातरम्: (my) brother
• भ्रातरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• प्रियकाम्यया: with a wish to please
• प्रियकाम्यया: Hetu/Prayojana (हेतु/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रियकाम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (instrumental), एकवचन; भावः—‘with desire for what is dear/for pleasing’

Context

'I sought to appease my brother who arrived in an agitated state overpowered with anger.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Vālin (implied as ‘brother’)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is fraternal responsibility and restraint: one should attempt reconciliation and calming speech before escalation.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva explains to Rāma how he responded when Vālin returned in anger—by trying to appease him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Conciliation (prasāda) and self-control in the face of another’s rage.