Shloka 47

The Glory of Śrāddha at Sacred Fords and the Determination of the Kutapa Time

Devanagari script

तथैव पंचतीर्थं च यत्र गोदावरी नदी । युता लिंगसहस्रेण सव्येतर जलावहा

Transliteration

tathaiva paṃcatīrthaṃ ca yatra godāvarī nadī | yutā liṃgasahasreṇa savyetara jalāvahā

Translation

また、聖なるパンチャティールタ（Pañcatīrtha）があり、そこではゴーダーヴァリー河（Godāvarī）が流れる――千のリンガ（liṅga）を伴い、左岸と右岸の両方に水を運ぶ。

Word by Word

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb: 'thus/likewise')

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis/अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)

• पञ्च-तीर्थम्: Pañcatīrtha (the five sacred fords/places)
• पञ्च-तीर्थम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्च (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + तीर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन (Singular); द्विगु-समास (numerical compound): 'पञ्च तीर्थाणि यस्मिन्/समूहः' (proper name)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-निपात (conjunction: 'and')

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय/सम्बन्धबोधक (relative adverb: 'where')

• गोदावरी: Godāvarī (river)
• गोदावरी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोदावरी (प्रातिपदिक; नदी-नाम)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• नदी: river
• नदी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); गोदावरी-अप्पोजिशन (apposition)

• युता: joined, endowed
• युता: Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युक्त (कृदन्त; √युज् (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle)

• लिङ्ग-सहस्रेण: with a thousand liṅgas
• लिङ्ग-सहस्रेण: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लिङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + सहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular); तत्पुरुष-समास (परिमाण/सम्बन्ध): 'लिङ्गानां सहस्रेण'

• सव्येतरा: both left and right
• सव्येतरा: Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सव्य (प्रातिपदिक) + इतर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); द्वन्द्व-समास (pair): 'सव्या च इतरा च' (both left and right)

• जल-आवहा: water-bearing, carrying water
• जल-आवहा: Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जल (प्रातिपदिक) + आवह (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √वह् (धातु) + आ-उपसर्ग, ण्वुल्/अण्-प्रत्ययार्थ 'bringing/carrying')
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); तत्पुरुष-समास: 'जलम् आवहति इति' (water-carrying)

Speaker

Unspecified in the provided excerpt (context needed to confirm the dialogue pair for Adhyaya 11).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Geographic Context

Type: tirtha

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: तथैव = तथा + एव; पंचतीर्थं = पञ्च-तीर्थम्; लिंगसहस्रेण = लिङ्ग-सहस्रेण; जलावहा = जल-आवहा; सव्येतर = सव्य + इतर (समास).

Characters & Entities

• Godāvarī
• Pañcatīrtha
• Liṅga

FAQs

What does this verse reveal about the geography of sacred Tīrthas?

It maps sanctity onto a real river landscape: the Godāvarī is presented as a tīrtha-zone marked by Pañcatīrtha and a dense presence of liṅgas, implying multiple shrines/markers along both banks.

How does this verse emphasize the path of Bhakti?

By highlighting a named river-tīrtha and its liṅga presence, it points toward devotional pilgrimage and worship through sacred places—an accessible, place-centered form of practice for devotees.

What is the ethical lesson from this dialogue?

The verse implicitly teaches reverence for sacred spaces and responsible conduct at tīrthas—approaching them with purity, humility, and devotion rather than mere curiosity or exploitation.