Shloka 34

The Greatness of Śrī Rādhāṣṭamī

Rādhā’s Birth-Eighth Observance

Devanagari script

कदाचिज्जन्मचासाद्य पृथिव्यां विधवा ध्रुवम् । एकदा पृथिवी वत्स दुष्टसंघैश्च ताडिता

Transliteration

kadācijjanmacāsādya pṛthivyāṃ vidhavā dhruvam | ekadā pṛthivī vatsa duṣṭasaṃghaiśca tāḍitā

Translation

かつて彼女は地上に生を受け、まことに寡婦となった。ある日、子よ、大地は苦しめられ—邪悪な群れに打ち据えられた。

Word by Word

• कदाचित्: once, at some time
• कदाचित्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) — time locus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदाचित् (अव्यय)
• Form: Temporal adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)

• जन्म: birth
• जन्म: Karma (कर्म) — object of 'āsādya'
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) — connective
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• आसाद्य: having obtained/reached
• आसाद्य: Kriya (क्रिया) — prior action to main predicate
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ√सद् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्/क्त्वान्त), 'having reached/obtained'

• पृथिव्याम्: on the earth
• पृथिव्याम्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) — location
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• विधवा: widow (widowed one)
• विधवा: Karta (कर्ता) — subject (earth as widow-like)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधवा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• ध्रुवम्: certainly, surely
• ध्रुवम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) — adverbial qualifier
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ध्रुव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial accusative used as indeclinable sense (निश्चयार्थे अव्ययीभाव/अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः)

• एकदा: once
• एकदा: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) — time locus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एकदा (अव्यय)
• Form: Temporal adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)

• पृथिवी: the earth
• पृथिवी: Karta (कर्ता) — subject
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• वत्स: O child/dear one
• वत्स: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन) — address
• Type: Noun
• Root: वत्स (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• दुष्टसंघैः: by wicked groups
• दुष्टसंघैः: Karana (करण) — instrument/agentive means
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक) + संघ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुष-समासः (दुष्टानां संघाः)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) — connective
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• ताडिता: struck, afflicted
• ताडिता: Kriya (क्रिया) — predicate participle (earth was struck)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ताड् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/कर्मणि), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Speaker

Unspecified narrator (contextual speaker not provided in the input excerpt)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: celestial_realm

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: कदाचिज्जन्मचासाद्य = कदाचित् + जन्म + च + आसाद्य; दुष्टसंघैश्च = दुष्टसंघैः + च

Characters & Entities

• Pṛthivī (Earth)

FAQs

Who is being described as ‘widowed’ in this verse?

The verse refers to Pṛthivī (the Earth) in a personified form, describing her as becoming ‘vidhavā’ (widowed) after taking birth on earth, within a mythic-purāṇic narrative frame.

What is the central idea conveyed by the Earth being ‘struck by wicked hosts’?

It expresses a decline of dharma or social-cosmic stability, where harmful forces oppress the world, prompting a need for restoration through righteous action, divine intervention, or re-establishment of order.

What ethical lesson can be drawn from this shloka?

The verse underscores that collective wrongdoing harms the world itself; it implicitly advocates restraining wicked conduct and supporting dharma to protect society and the natural order.