Shloka 41

The Greatness of Hari’s Janmāṣṭamī (Jayantī) Vow

Devanagari script

महोपायं पुनः कर्तुं विधिना तेन वंचितः । त्राहि मां जगतां नाथ सुतं रक्ष सुरोत्तम

Transliteration

mahopāyaṃ punaḥ kartuṃ vidhinā tena vaṃcitaḥ | trāhi māṃ jagatāṃ nātha sutaṃ rakṣa surottama

Translation

その定めにより再び為すべき大いなる手立てを奪われ、私は嘆願する。救いたまえ、世界の主よ。わが子を守りたまえ、神々の中の最勝者よ。

Word by Word

• महोपायम्: a great means/plan
• महोपायम्: कर्म (Karma/Object; with 'कर्तुं')
• Type: Noun
• Root: महत् + उपाय (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Indeclinable), क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• कर्तुम्: to do, to make
• कर्तुम्: प्रयोजन (Purpose/Infinitival complement)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) + तुमुन् (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: तुमुनन्त (infinitive), प्रयोजन/इच्छार्थ (purpose: 'to do')

• विधिना: by fate/ordinance (vidhi)
• विधिना: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental, 3rd), एकवचन (Singular)

• तेन: by that / by him
• तेन: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental, 3rd), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• वञ्चितः: deceived
• वञ्चितः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वञ्च् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• त्राहि: save (me)! protect!
• त्राहि: क्रिया (Imperative verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्रा (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• माम्: me
• माम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम (1st person pronoun), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• जगताम्: of the worlds
• जगताम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive, 6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• नाथ: O Lord
• नाथ: सम्बोधन (Sambodhana/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• सुतम्: the son
• सुतम्: कर्म (Karma/Object; with 'रक्ष')
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• रक्ष: protect!
• रक्ष: क्रिया (Imperative verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• सुरोत्तम: O best of the gods
• सुरोत्तम: सम्बोधन (Sambodhana/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुर + उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

Speaker

Unspecified petitioner (context needed to identify the named speaker)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: महोपायम् = महत् + उपायम् (t/d assimilation and vowel coalescence); no other major sandhi.

FAQs

Who is being addressed as 'jagatāṃ nātha' and 'surottama' in this verse?

The verse addresses a supreme divine protector as “Lord of the worlds” and “best among the gods.” Without surrounding verses, the specific deity (e.g., Viṣṇu, Śiva, or another) cannot be confirmed.

How does this verse emphasize the path of Bhakti?

It models surrender and heartfelt supplication—seeking refuge in the divine when personal effort is blocked by circumstances—an essential mood of bhakti (dependence on grace).

What ethical lesson is implied by the petitioner’s request?

The verse highlights humility in adversity and concern for another’s welfare (the son’s protection), suggesting that devotion is expressed not only in self-preservation but also in responsibility and compassion.