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Shloka 54

Adhyāya 55: Pārtha–Rādheya Saṃvāda and Tactical Exchange

Chapter 55

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्याभारत विराटपर्वके अन्तर्गत गोहरणपर्वमें उत्तरगोग्रहके समय कर्णका युद्ध पलायनविषयक चौवनवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ

iti prakāraṃ śrīmahābhārate virāṭaparvaṇi antar-gata-goharaṇaparvaṇi uttaragograha-samaye karṇasya yuddha-palāyana-viṣayakaś catuḥpañcāśattamo 'dhyāyaḥ samāptaḥ | yastu nīlānusāreṇa pañcatāreṇa ketunā | hastāvāpī bṛhaddhanvā rathe tiṣṭhati vīryavān |

ヴァイシャンパーヤナは語った。「かくして『ヴィラータ篇』のうち『牛奪い(ゴーハラナ)』の第五十四章は終わる。そこには、ウッタラに関わる牛の奪取の折、カルナが戦場から退いたことが述べられている。さて今、青き旗に五つ星の印を掲げた戦車の上に立つ大勇士がいる。手には護具を着け、大弓を執り、天象の徽章で飾られた旗印に輝き、頭上には白く眩い天蓋(パラソル)が差しかかり、黄金の鎧と兜は日月のごとく照り映える——それこそが、車戦の第一人者、我らすべての祖父、シャーンタヌの子ビーシュマである。だが王者の栄華を備えながらも、彼はドゥルヨーダナの命に従っている。ゆえに心は悲しみに沈み、個の徳と不義の陣営への忠誠とのあいだに、重い道義の緊張が生まれるのだ。」

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
नीलानुसारेणwith/according to the blue (marking/stripe)
नीलानुसारेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनीलानुसार
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
पञ्चतारेणwith the five-star(-marked)
पञ्चतारेण:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपञ्चतार
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
केतुनाwith a banner/standard
केतुना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकेतु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
हस्तावापीwearing hand-guards/gloves
हस्तावापी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहस्तावापिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बृहद्धन्वाhaving a great bow
बृहद्धन्वा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहद्धन्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथेin/on the chariot
रथे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तिष्ठतिstands/remains
तिष्ठति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वीर्यवान्valorous/powerful
वीर्यवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवीर्यवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
M
Mahābhārata
V
Virāṭa Parva
G
Goharaṇa Parva (cattle-seizure episode)
U
Uttara
K
Karṇa
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śāntanu
D
Duryodhana
C
chariot (ratha)
B
banner/standard (ketu)
W
white parasol (chatra)
G
golden armor (kavaca)
H
helmet (śirastāṇa/śirastrāṇa)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights the ethical strain when a virtuous, illustrious elder (Bhīṣma) remains bound by allegiance and political obligation to a flawed ruler (Duryodhana). It invites reflection on dharma: whether duty to a throne or vow can justify serving an unrighteous cause, and how such service can become a source of sorrow even when performed with discipline and honor.

This is a chapter-colophon and transition: it closes the chapter describing Karṇa’s retreat during the cattle-raid conflict involving Uttara, then begins a vivid identification of the mighty chariot-warrior—Bhīṣma—describing his banner, weapons, and regal insignia, and commenting on the poignancy that he fights under Duryodhana’s command.