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Shloka 14

Damayantī’s Lament, Serpent-Seizure, Rescue by the Hunter, and the Curse

यथा यथा हि नृपति: पुष्करेणैव जीयते । तथा तथास्य वै द्यूते रागो भूयोडभिवर्धते

yathā yathā hi nṛpatiḥ puṣkareṇaiva jīyate | tathā tathāsya vai dyūte rāgo bhūyo ’bhivardhate ||

ブリハダシュヴァは言った。「王はプシュカラに賽(さい)の勝負で負けるたびに、かえって賭博への渇望をいよいよ募らせる。敗北の一つ一つが執着を養い、王を滅びへ導くその遊戯へと再び引き戻すのだ。」

यथाas, just as
यथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
यथाso, in the same way
यथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
नृपतिःthe king
नृपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुष्करेणby (the game of) dice
पुष्करेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुष्कर
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
एवonly, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
जीयतेis defeated
जीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootजि
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
तथाso, thus
तथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
तथाin that same manner
तथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अस्यof him, his
अस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वैindeed, surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
द्यूतेin gambling, in the dice-game
द्यूते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूत
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
रागःpassion, attachment
रागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूयःmore, increasingly
भूयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभूयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Comparative (used adverbially)
अभिवर्धतेgrows, increases
अभिवर्धते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृध्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

बृहृदश्चव उवाच

बृहदश्व (Bṛhadaśva)
नृपति (the king—Nala)
पुष्कर (Puṣkara)
द्यूत (dice-game/gambling)

Educational Q&A

Repeated defeat does not necessarily cure a vice; in gambling, loss can intensify rāga (craving). The verse warns that attachment grows through the very cycle of compulsion, highlighting the need for self-restraint and wise avoidance of destructive habits.

Bṛhadaśva, recounting the story of Nala, explains how Nala’s repeated losses to Puṣkara at dice only increased his desire to keep playing. The line diagnoses the psychological spiral that drives Nala deeper into ruin.