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Shloka 1

Damayantī’s Proposal of a Witnessed Choice; Nala Reports to the Lokapālas

Adhyāya 53

#:73:.8 #::23-:.7 (0) हि २ 7 त्रिपञज्चाशत्तमो<्ध्याय: नल-दमयन्तीके गुणोंका वर्णन, उनका परस्पर हम राग और हंसका दमयन्ती और नलको एक-दूसरेके संदेश सुनाना बृहृदश्चव उवाच आसीद्‌ू राजा नलो नाम वीरसेनसुतो बली । उपपन्नो गुणैरिप्टे रूपवानश्वकोविद:,बृहदश्वने कहा--धर्मराज! निषधदेशमें वीरसेनके पुत्र नल नामसे प्रसिद्ध एक बलवान्‌ राजा हो गये हैं। वे उत्तम गुणोंसे सम्पन्न, रूपवान्‌ और अश्वसंचालनकी कलामें कुशल थे

bṛhadaśva uvāca | āsīd rājā nalo nāma vīrasenasuto balī | upapanno guṇair iṣṭai rūpavān aśvakovidaḥ ||

ブリハダシュヴァは語った。「ニシャダの国に、かつてナラという王がいた。勇将ヴィーラセーナの子で、力強き君である。称賛すべき徳を備え、容姿端麗にして、馬を操る術にことのほか秀で、人々の間に名高かった。」

बृहदश्वःBṛhadaśva (the sage)
बृहदश्वः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबृहदश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आसीत्there was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजाa king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नलःNala
नलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नामby name
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
वीरसेनसुतःson of Vīrasena
वीरसेनसुतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीरसेन-सुत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बलीstrong, mighty
बली:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबलिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपपन्नःendowed, possessed
उपपन्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउपपन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुणैःwith virtues/qualities
गुणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
इष्टैःexcellent, desirable
इष्टैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
रूपवान्handsome
रूपवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरूपवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अश्वकोविदःskilled in horses (horse-handling)
अश्वकोविदः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअश्व-कोविद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

बृहृदश्चव उवाच

B
Bṛhadaśva
N
Nala
V
Vīrasena
N
Niṣadha (kingdom)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ideal qualities of a ruler—strength guided by virtue, personal excellence, and practical competence. By presenting Nala as guṇavān (virtuous) and capable, the text prepares the reader to reflect on how even exemplary people may face adversity, and how dharma is tested through changing fortune.

Bṛhadaśva begins the Nala–Damayantī episode by introducing Nala: a famous king of Niṣadha, son of Vīrasena, powerful, handsome, and skilled with horses. This is the opening characterization before the story moves toward the mutual attraction of Nala and Damayantī and the events that follow.