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Shloka 31

अध्याय ३३ — कर्म, दैव, हठ, स्वभाव और पुरुषार्थ पर द्रौपदी का उपदेश

Draupadī on Action, Fate, and Human Effort

अर्थार्थी पुरुषो राजन्‌ बृहन्तं धर्ममिच्छति । अर्थमिच्छति कामार्थी न कामादन्यमिच्छति,“राजन! धनकी इच्छा रखनेवाला पुरुष महान्‌ धर्मकी अभिलाषा रखता है और कामार्थी मनुष्य धन चाहता है। जैसे धर्मसे धनकी और धनसे कामकी इच्छा करता है, उस प्रकार वह कामसे किसी दूसरी वस्तुकी इच्छा नहीं करता है

arthārthī puruṣo rājan bṛhantaṃ dharmam icchati | artham icchati kāmārthī na kāmād anyam icchati ||

ヴァイシャンパーヤナは言った。「王よ、財を求める者はまた高きダルマをも望み、快楽を求める者は財を望む。ダルマが財のために求められ、財が快楽のために求められるように、享楽に心を定めた者は、快楽そのもの以外を求めない。」

अर्थार्थीone who desires wealth
अर्थार्थी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्थार्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःman, person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
बृहन्तम्great, vast
बृहन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहन्त्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इच्छतिdesires
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अर्थम्wealth
अर्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इच्छतिdesires
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कामार्थीone who desires pleasure (kāma)
कामार्थी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकामार्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कामात्from/after kāma (pleasure)
कामात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अन्यम्anything else, other
अन्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छतिdesires
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
R
rājan (the king addressed)

Educational Q&A

The verse analyzes how people often treat dharma and artha instrumentally: the wealth-seeker may adopt “great dharma” to gain prosperity, and the pleasure-seeker pursues wealth to secure enjoyment; but when one is dominated by kāma, one tends not to seek a higher end beyond pleasure.

Vaiśaṃpāyana, in discourse to a king, offers a reflective observation on human aims—how dharma, wealth, and pleasure become linked in ordinary motivation—serving as ethical commentary within the Vana Parva narration.