Shloka 19

Devanagari script

संधाय धार्तराष्ट्रेण पार्थानां विप्रिये रत: । योद्धुमाशंसते नित्यं फाल्गुनेन महात्मना,धृतराष्ट्रपुत्र दुर्योधनसे मिलकर वह कुन्ती-कुमारोंका अनिष्ट करनेमें लगा रहता और सदा महामना अर्जुनसे युद्ध करनेकी इच्छा व्यक्त किया करता था

Transliteration

sandhāya dhārtarāṣṭreṇa pārthānāṁ vipriye rataḥ | yoddhum āśaṁsate nityaṁ phālgunena mahātmanā ||

Translation

ヴァイシャンパーヤナは語った。持国の子と盟約を結び、パーンダヴァらに敵することを喜びとして、カルナは大心のファールグナ（アルジュナ）と戦いたいと常に望みを口にした。この偈は、害意と対抗を常の方針として選び取る、意図的な敵意への傾斜を示し、開戦前の道義的緊張をいっそう高めている。

Word by Word

• संधाय: having joined/combined; having made an alliance
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-धा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद-भावार्थ

• धार्तराष्ट्रेण: with the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
• धार्तराष्ट्रेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• पार्थानाम्: of the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā/Kuntī)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• विप्रिये: in what is harmful/unpleasant (to them)
• विप्रिये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• रतः: engaged; devoted
• रतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• योद्धुम्: to fight
• योद्धुम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन् (infinitive)

• आशंसते: desires; hopes; wishes
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-शंस् (धातु)
• Form: Present, Indicative, Ātmanepada, Third, Singular

• नित्यम्: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: true

• फाल्गुनेन: with Phālguna (Arjuna)
• फाल्गुनेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: फाल्गुन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• महात्मना: with the great-souled (one)
• महात्मना: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Duryodhana
• Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pṛthā/Kuntī)
• Arjuna (Phālguna)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how deliberate alliances formed for the sake of harming others harden into a constant disposition of hostility. Ethically, it points to the danger of making enmity a habit—especially when directed against the righteous—since such intent becomes a driver of wider conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

The speaker describes a figure who, after aligning with Duryodhana (the Dhārtarāṣṭra), remains intent on acting against the Pāṇḍavas and repeatedly voices a wish to fight Arjuna (Phālguna), signaling an escalating readiness for confrontation.