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Shloka 4

अध्याय ३० — क्रोधदोषाः क्षमाप्रशंसा च

Defects of Anger and the Praise of Forbearance

द्रौपदी और भीमसेनका युधिष्ठिरसे संवाद त्वां च व्यसनमभ्यागादिदं भारत दुःसहम्‌ । यत्‌ त्वं नाहसि नापीमे भ्रातरस्ते महौजस:,भारत! इसी कारण तो आपपर भी यह दुःसह संकट आ गया, जिसके योग्य न तो आप हैं और न आपके महातेजस्वी ये भाई ही हैं

tvāṁ ca vyasanam abhyāgād idaṁ bhārata duḥsaham | yat tvaṁ nārhasi nāpīme bhrātaras te mahaujasāḥ ||

おおバーラタ(バラタの末裔)よ、この耐え難き災厄は汝の上にも降りかかった——汝もまたこれに値せず、ここにいる大いなる武威を備えた汝の兄弟たちも値せぬというのに。此の言は、パーンダヴァらの行いと彼らに課された苦難とのあいだの道義的な不均衡を示し、逆境が彼らの所業の正当な報いとしてではなく、不当な重荷として、堅忍をもって耐えねばならぬものとして降ったことを示唆する。

त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
व्यसनम्calamity, misfortune
व्यसनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यसन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अभ्यागात्has come upon, befell
अभ्यागात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-आ-गम्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दुःसहम्hard to bear, unbearable
दुःसहम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःसह
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यत्which, that (relative)
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अर्हसिare worthy/deserve
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
इमेthese
इमे:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भ्रातरःbrothers
भ्रातरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेyour (of you)
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
महौजसःof great vigor/might
महौजसः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहौजस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhārata (epithet/lineage address)
P
Pāṇḍava brothers (implied by 'these brothers')

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical tension between merit and suffering: even the righteous may face unbearable adversity. It points toward endurance and moral steadiness when misfortune is undeserved, reinforcing the Mahābhārata’s reflection on dharma under pressure.

In the forest-exile context, the speaker addresses Yudhiṣṭhira as 'Bhārata' and laments that an unbearable calamity has befallen him, despite neither him nor his powerful brothers deserving such hardship—framing the Pāṇḍavas’ plight as grievous and unjust.