Shloka 30

Dharma-vyādha on Parental Worship

Pitṛ-mātṛ-śuśrūṣā as Paramadaivata

Devanagari script

उपप्लवो महानस्मानुपावर्तत केशव । उक्त प्रतिकुरुष्व त्वं कालो हि दुरतिक्रम:

Transliteration

upaplavo mahān asmān upāvartata keśava | uktaṃ pratikuruṣva tvaṃ kālo hi duratikramaḥ ||

Translation

マールカンデーヤは言った。「おおケーシャヴァよ、大いなる災厄が我らに返り来ている。語られ、定められたとおりに行え――ただちに動け。時（カーラ）はまことに越えがたいのだから。」

Word by Word

• उपप्लवः: calamity, upheaval
• उपप्लवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपप्लव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महान्: great
• महान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Accusative, Plural

• उपावर्तत: turned back/returned (upon)
• उपावर्तत: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-आ-वृत्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• केशव: O Keshava (Krishna)
• केशव: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: केशव
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• उक्तम्: said, spoken
• उक्तम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वच् (क्त)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• प्रतिकुरुष्व: do in return; act accordingly
• प्रतिकुरुष्व: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-कृ
• Form: Imperative (Loṭ), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Nominative, Singular

• कालः: time; fate
• कालः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हि: indeed, for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• दुरतिक्रमः: hard to overcome
• दुरतिक्रमः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुरतिक्रम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Mārkaṇḍeya
• Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
• Kāla (Time)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse stresses urgency and responsible action: when a crisis approaches, one should implement wise counsel without delay, because Kāla (Time) is inexorable and cannot be easily resisted.

What is happening in the narrative?

Mārkaṇḍeya addresses Keśava (Kṛṣṇa), warning that a major upheaval is closing in again and urging him to carry out the previously stated course of action, since events are being driven forward by Time.