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Shloka 30

मधुकैटभवधोपाख्यानम्

The Account of the Slaying of Madhu and Kaiṭabha

फलशाकमपि श्रेयो भोक्तुं हकृपणं गृहे । परस्य तु गृहे भोक्तु: परिभूतस्य नित्यश:,धिगस्तु तस्य तद्‌ भुक्ते कृपणस्य दुरात्मन: । दूसरेके सामने दीनता न दिखाकर अपने घरमें फल और शाक खाकर रहना अच्छा है। परंतु दूसरेके घरमें सदा तिरस्कार सहकर मीठे पकवान खाना भी अच्छा नहीं है; अतः दूसरेके आश्रित रहकर जीवन-निर्वाह करनेके सम्बन्धमें साधु पुरुषोंका सदासे ही विरोध रहा है। जो पराया अन्न खाना चाहता है, वह कुत्तेकी भाँति खून चाटता है। उस दुरात्मा और कृपणके वैसे भोजनको धिक्कार है

phalaśākam api śreyo bhoktuṁ ha kṛpaṇaṁ gṛhe | parasya tu gṛhe bhoktuḥ paribhūtasya nityaśaḥ, dhig astu tasya tad bhukte kṛpaṇasya durātmanaḥ |

バカは言った。「たとえ貧しい食であっても、自らの家で果実と青菜を食して暮らすほうがよい。だが他人の家で、常に侮りを受けながら甘美な馳走を食うのは善くない。ゆえに賢者は古来、他人に依りかかって生を立てることを退けてきた。他人の食を求める卑劣で邪な者は、血を舐める犬のごとし。その吝嗇で悪しき者の食は、ただ蔑まれるべきだ。」

फलशाकम्fruit and vegetables
फलशाकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल-शाक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
श्रेयःbetter, preferable
श्रेयः:
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भोक्तुम्to eat
भोक्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormTumun (infinitive)
अकृपणम्without meanness; self-respecting (lit. not miserly)
अकृपणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-कृपण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गृहेin (one's) house
गृहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
परस्यof another
परस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
गृहेin (another's) house
गृहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
भोक्तुःof one who eats; of an eater
भोक्तुः:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormTṛc (agent noun), Masculine, Genitive, Singular
परिभूतस्यof one who is insulted/humiliated
परिभूतस्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-भू
FormKta (past passive participle), Masculine, Genitive, Singular
नित्यशःalways, continually
नित्यशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्यशः
धिक्shame on! fie!
धिक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootधिक्
अस्तुlet there be
अस्तु:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperative, 3rd, Singular
तस्यof him/that
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भुक्तेin/when (it is) eaten; in the eating
भुक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormKta (past passive participle), Neuter, Locative, Singular
कृपणस्यof the miser/wretch
कृपणस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootकृपण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
दुरात्मनःof the evil-souled man
दुरात्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootदुरात्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

बक उवाच

B
Baka

Educational Q&A

Personal dignity and independence are ethically superior to comfort gained through dependence. Even simple food at one’s own home is preferable to rich food obtained by living on others while suffering humiliation.

Baka is speaking in a didactic tone, contrasting humble self-sustenance with the degrading condition of eating at another’s house as a dependent, using strong condemnation to discourage reliance on others for livelihood.