Shloka 31

यत्राकथयमानस्य प्रयच्छत्यशिवं भयम्‌ | अतिरिक्तमिवाकुर्वन्‌ स श्रेयान्‌ नेतरो जन:,किंतु जहाँ अपना माहात्म्य प्रकाशित न करनेपर भय और अमंगल प्राप्त हो, वहाँ रहकर भी जो अपनी विशेषता प्रकट नहीं करता, वही श्रेष्ठ पुरुष है; दूसरा नहीं

yatrākathayamānasya prayacchaty aśivaṃ bhayam | atiriktam ivākurvan sa śreyān netaro janaḥ ||

たとえ自らを語らぬ沈黙が恐れと凶兆を招く場所であっても、なお優越の気配をまとわず、己を「余計に偉いもの」として誇示しない者こそが勝れた人である。そうでない者ではない。

यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
Formindeclinable (locative sense)
आकथयमानस्यof one who is speaking/telling
आकथयमानस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootआ + कथय (कथ्)
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive singular; present active participle (शतृ) used substantively: 'of (one) speaking/telling'
प्रयच्छतिgives, bestows
प्रयच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + यम् (यच्छति)
Formpresent tense, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular
अशिवम्inauspiciousness, misfortune
अशिवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअशिव
Formneuter, accusative singular
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभय
Formneuter, accusative singular
अतिरिक्तम्excessive(ly), overmuch
अतिरिक्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिरिक्त
Formneuter, accusative singular (used adverbially: 'excessively/overmuch')
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formindeclinable
आकुर्वन्doing, making (as if)
आकुर्वन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ + कृ
Formmasculine, nominative singular; present active participle (शतृ): 'doing/making'
सःhe, that person
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (स)
Formmasculine, nominative singular
श्रेयान्better, superior
श्रेयान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेयस्
Formmasculine, nominative singular; comparative degree
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (negation)
इतरःthe other
इतरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootइतर
Formmasculine, nominative singular
जनःperson, man
जनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
Formmasculine, nominative singular

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujata

Educational Q&A

Even when silence could lead to danger or inauspicious consequences, the truly noble person avoids self-aggrandizement. Excellence is shown through restraint and integrity, not through proclaiming one’s greatness.

Sanatsujata is instructing on ethical conduct and inner virtue. In this verse he contrasts the superior person—who does not advertise his own greatness—with the inferior type who seeks to assert superiority, emphasizing humility as a mark of true excellence.