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Shloka 77

Vidura-nīti: Atithi-dharma, Trust, Counsel-Secrecy, and Traits of Sustainable Rule

Udyoga Parva, Adhyāya 38

अध्वा जरा देहवतां पर्वतानां जलं जरा । असम्भोगो जरा स्त्रीणां वाक्शल्यं मनसो जरा,अधिक राह चलना देहधारियोंके लिये दुःखरूप बुढ़ापा है, बराबर पानी गिरना पर्वतोंका बुढ़ापा है, सम्भोगसे वंचित रहनेका दु:ख स्त्रियोंके लिये बुढ़ापा है और वचन- रूपी बाणोंका आघात मनके लिये बुढ़ापा है

adhvā jarā dehavatāṁ parvatānāṁ jalaṁ jarā | asambhogo jarā strīṇāṁ vākśalyaṁ manaso jarā ||

ヴィドゥラは説く。「老い」とは年の積み重ねのみではなく、力と歓びをすり減らすあらゆる状態である。身を持つ者にとって、長く苦しい旅はそれ自体が老いとなる。山にとっては、絶え間なく落ちる水が老いであり、やがて岩を削り尽くす。女にとっては、夫婦の交わりを奪われる痛みが老いのごとく迫る。心にとっては、矢のように刺す苛烈な言葉の傷こそが老いである。

अध्वाjourney; long travel
अध्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअध्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जराold age; decay
जरा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजरा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
देहवताम्of embodied beings
देहवताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootदेहवत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
पर्वतानाम्of mountains
पर्वतानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वत
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
जलम्water (rain/wetness)
जलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
जराold age; decay
जरा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजरा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
असम्भोगःnon-enjoyment; lack of sexual union
असम्भोगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ-सम्भोग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जराold age; decay
जरा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजरा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
स्त्रीणाम्of women
स्त्रीणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
वाक्speech; words
वाक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
शल्यंdart; thorn; painful wound
शल्यं:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मनसःof the mind
मनसः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
जराold age; decay
जरा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजरा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
E
embodied beings (dehavat)
M
mountains (parvata)
W
water (jala)
W
women (strī)
M
mind (manas)
S
speech/words (vāk)

Educational Q&A

‘Jarā’ (aging/decay) is presented as any force that steadily diminishes well-being: physical strain (long travel), natural erosion (water on mountains), emotional deprivation (lack of conjugal union), and psychological injury (cruel speech). The verse urges sensitivity to others’ suffering and restraint in speech.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura offers moral counsel (Vidura-nīti) amid rising conflict. Here he uses vivid analogies to explain how different beings ‘age’ through different kinds of wear—especially highlighting the mind’s vulnerability to hurtful words.