Shloka 39
Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition
जो अपने बलको न समझकर बिना काम किये ही धर्म और अर्थसे विरुद्ध तथा न पानेयोग्य वस्तुकी इच्छा करता है, वह पुरुष इस संसारमें मूढबुद्धि कहलाता है ।। अशिष्यं शास्ति यो राजन् यश्च शून्यमुपासते- । कदर्य भजते यश्च तमाहुर्मूठडचेतसम्,राजन! जो अनधिकारीको उपदेश देता और शून्यकी उपासना करता है तथा जो कृपणका आश्रय लेता है, उसे मूढ चित्तवाला कहते हैं
yo ’tmano balaṁ na vijānāti vinā karmaiva dharmārthābhyāṁ viruddhāṁ cānupapannāṁ ca vastūnām icchāṁ karoti sa iha loke mūḍhabuddhir ucyate || aśiṣyaṁ śāsti yo rājan yaś ca śūnyam upāsate | kadarīṁ bhajate yaś ca tam āhur mūḍhacetasam ||
ヴィドゥラは言う。「この世で鈍い者と呼ばれるのは、自らの力と器をわきまえず、なすべき働きもせぬまま、ダルマとアルタに背くもの、あるいはそもそも得られぬものを欲する者である。さらに王よ、不適の弟子に教えを授ける者、実体なき空虚を拝する者、吝嗇の者に身を寄せる者—そのような者は迷妄の心を持つと言われる。」
विदुर उवाच
Educational Q&A
True wisdom begins with knowing one’s own capacity and aligning desire with disciplined action and with dharma and artha. Delusion shows itself in chasing the impossible or unethical without effort, in giving instruction where it cannot bear fruit, in revering what is empty, and in seeking support from miserly, mean-spirited people.
In Udyoga Parva, Vidura offers moral and political counsel to the king (implicitly Dhṛtarāṣṭra) as tensions rise toward war. This verse is part of Vidura’s diagnostic teaching: he identifies behaviors that mark a person as misguided, warning the king against poor judgment in aims, teachers/disciples, objects of reverence, and alliances.