Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 27

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 28: Dharmādharmalakṣaṇa in Āpad

Crisis-Discernment of Right and Wrong

एतान्‌ राजा पालयजन्नप्रमत्तो नियोजयन्‌ सर्ववर्णान्‌ स्वधर्मे । अकामात्मा समतवृत्तिः प्रजासु नाधार्मिकाननुरुध्येत कामान्‌,राजा सावधानीके साथ इन सब वर्णोका पालन करते हुए ही इन्हें अपने-अपने धर्ममें लगावे। वह कामभोगमें आसक्त न होकर समस्त प्रजाओंके साथ समानभावसे बर्ताव करे और पापपूर्ण इच्छाओंका कदापि अनुसरण न करे

etān rājā pālayajann apramatto niyojayan sarvavarṇān svadharme | akāmātmā samatavṛttiḥ prajāsū nādhārmikān anurudhyet kāmān ||

ヴァーユは言った。「王は警戒を怠らず、これら(諸身分)を守護し、すべてのヴァルナをそれぞれの務めへと励まし導け。欲望に囚われず、臣民すべてに公平に振る舞い、不義なる欲に決して従ってはならぬ。」

एतान्these (people/ones)
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पालयन्protecting/maintaining
पालयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपालय् (पाल्)
FormShatr (present active participle), Parasmaipada (active), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
यजन्sacrificing/worshipping
यजन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
FormShatr (present active participle), Parasmaipada (active), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अप्रमत्तःvigilant, not negligent
अप्रमत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रमत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नियोजयन्appointing/engaging (them)
नियोजयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनि-युज् (नियोजयति)
FormShatr (present active participle), Parasmaipada (active), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्ववर्णान्all the varnas (social classes)
सर्ववर्णान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ववर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
स्वधर्मेin (their) own duty
स्वधर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अकामात्माone whose mind is free from desire
अकामात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअकामात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समतवृत्तिःhaving equal conduct/attitude
समतवृत्तिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसमतावृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजासुamong the subjects
प्रजासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अधार्मिकान्unrighteous, unlawful
अधार्मिकान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअधार्मिक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अनुरुध्येतshould follow/comply with
अनुरुध्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-रुध्
FormVidhi-ling (optative), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
कामान्desires
कामान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu (Vāyudeva)
R
rājā (the king)
S
sarva-varṇa (all varṇas)
P
prajā (subjects)

Educational Q&A

A king must uphold social order by protecting and guiding all varṇas in their proper duties, while personally practicing self-restraint, impartial governance, and refusing to act on unrighteous desires.

Vāyudeva is instructing on rājadharma: the standards of conduct expected of a ruler—vigilance, protection of subjects, proper assignment of duties, equal treatment, and rejection of adharmic impulses.