Shloka 32
Udyoga Parva Adhyāya 132 — Vidura’s Counsel on Udyama, Yaśas, and Kṣātra-Dharma
Devanagari script
एतावानेव पुरुषो यदमर्षी यदक्षमी
Transliteration
etāvān eva puruṣo yad amarṣī yad akṣamī
Translation
風神ヴァーユは言った。「人とはこの程度のものだ――怨みを抱くほどにその者は小さく、耐えられぬほどにその者は小さい。」ダルマの観点では、真の器は力や地位ではなく、怒りを抑え、挑発に遭っても自制を失わずに耐え抜く力によって量られる。
Word by Word
एतावान्this much; so great (only this much)
एतावान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएतावत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed; only; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पुरुषःman; person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्namely; that is to say (relative particle here introducing explanation)
यत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्
अमर्षीintolerant; irascible; not bearing (insult/injury)
अमर्षी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअमर्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्and that; namely (repeating for emphasis/parallelism)
यत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्
अक्षमीunable to endure; unforbearing; impatient
अक्षमी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअक्षमिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
वायुदेव उवाच
Characters & Entities
V
Vāyu (Wind-god)P
puruṣa (a person)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
A person’s moral worth is revealed by their capacity for kṣamā (forbearance). Resentment and intolerance shrink one’s true stature; patience and self-restraint elevate it.
Vāyu speaks a concise ethical maxim, evaluating human character through the lens of emotional discipline—especially the ability to endure offense without becoming resentful or intolerant.