Shloka 31
Svargārohaṇa-parva Adhyāya 2 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry for His Kin and the Vision of a Punitive Realm
Devanagari script
स संनिवृत्तो धर्मात्मा दुःखशोकसमाहत: । शुश्राव तत्र वदतां दीना वाच: समन्ततः
Transliteration
sa saṁnivṛtto dharmātmā duḥkhaśokasamāhataḥ | śuśrāva tatra vadatāṁ dīnā vācaḥ samantataḥ ||
Translation
法に生きるその人が、苦しみと悲しみに打ちひしがれて引き返すと、その場で四方八方から、嘆き叫ぶ人々の哀れな声が聞こえてきた。
Word by Word
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संनिवृत्तःhaving turned back/returned
संनिवृत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसं-नि-वृत् (वृत्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मात्माthe righteous-souled one
धर्मात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुःख-शोक-समाहतःstruck/afflicted by sorrow and grief
दुःख-शोक-समाहतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-हन् (हत) / समाहत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शुश्रावheard
शुश्राव:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
वदताम्of (those) speaking
वदताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormGenitive, Plural
दीनाःwretched/piteous
दीनाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदीन
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
वाचःvoices/words
वाचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
समन्ततःfrom all sides
समन्ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्ततः
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Characters & Entities
V
VaiśampāyanaY
YudhiṣṭhiraD
distressed people (ārtāḥ manuṣyāḥ, implied by context)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Even a steadfastly dharmic person can be overwhelmed by sorrow, yet dharma requires attentiveness to the suffering of others; hearing the distressed voices becomes a moral summons to compassion and responsibility.
Yudhiṣṭhira, turning back while burdened by grief, hears anguished cries coming from all directions, indicating the presence of afflicted beings whose calls will shape his next response.