Shloka 27

यदा राष्ट्रे धर्ममग्र्यं चरन्ति संस्कारं वा राजगुणं ब्रुवाणा: । तैरेवाधर्मश्वरितो धर्ममोहात्‌ तूर्ण जह्वात्‌ सुकृतं दुष्कृतं च,जब राज्यमें रहनेवाले लोग राजाके गुणोंका बखान करते हुए वैदिक संस्कारोंके साथ उत्तम धर्मका आचरण करते हैं, उस समय राजा पापमुक्त हो जाता है तथा जब वे ही लोग धर्मके विषयमें मोहित हो जानेके कारण अधर्माचरण करने लगते हैं, उस समय राजा शीघ्र ही पुण्यसे हीन हो जाता है

yadā rāṣṭre dharmam agryaṃ caranti saṃskāraṃ vā rājaguṇaṃ bruvāṇāḥ | tair evādharmāśrito dharmamohāt tūṛṇaṃ jahyāt sukṛtaṃ duṣkṛtaṃ ca ||

ウタティヤは言った。「国のうちで民が最上のダルマを実践し、ヴェーダの儀礼を守り、王たる徳を称えるなら、その行いそのものによって王は罪から解き放たれる。だが同じ民が、ダルマについて迷妄に陥って不義へと傾くなら、王はたちまち功徳の蓄えを失い、また悪業にも染まる。」

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
राष्ट्रेin the kingdom/state
राष्ट्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अग्र्यम्excellent, foremost
अग्र्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअग्र्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चरन्तिthey practice/observe
चरन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
संस्कारम्rite, (Vedic) sacrament/observance
संस्कारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंस्कार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
राजगुणम्kingly quality/virtue
राजगुणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ब्रुवाणाःspeaking, praising
ब्रुवाणाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
तैःby them
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अधर्मश्चरितःhaving practiced adharma / adharma practiced
अधर्मश्चरितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअधर्म-चरित
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्ममोहात्from delusion about dharma
धर्ममोहात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्ममोह
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
तूर्णम्quickly
तूर्णम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्णम्
जह्यात्would abandon/lose
जह्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सुकृतम्merit, good deed
सुकृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुकृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दुष्कृतम्demerit, evil deed
दुष्कृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुष्कृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

उतथ्य उवाच

U
Utathya
T
the king (rājā)
T
the people/subjects (implicit)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s moral and karmic standing is closely tied to the conduct of the subjects: when society upholds dharma and proper rites, the king is purified; when society falls into adharma through confusion about dharma, the king rapidly loses merit and incurs demerit.

In Śānti Parva’s discourse on governance and dharma, the sage Utathya explains to the listener that the ethical health of a kingdom is reciprocal: public adherence to dharma supports the king’s righteousness, while widespread adharma undermines the king’s merit and stability.