Shloka 35

उतथ्योपदेशः—राजधर्मः, दर्पनिग्रहः, प्रजारक्षणम्

Utathya’s Instruction: Royal Dharma, Restraint of Pride, Protection of Subjects

Devanagari script

एते चान्ये च जायन्ते यदा राजा प्रमाद्यति | तस्माद्‌ राज्ञा विशेषण वर्तितव्यं प्रजाहिते

Transliteration

ete cānye ca jāyante yadā rājā pramādyati | tasmād rājñā viśeṣeṇa vartitavyaṃ prajāhite ||

Translation

ウタティヤは言った。「これらの禍い、また他の多くの悪は、王が怠慢となるときに生じる。ゆえに統べる者は、格別の慎みと規律をもって振る舞い、ダルマに堅く立ち、民の福利のために能動的に尽くさねばならぬ。」

Word by Word

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• जायन्ते: are born / arise
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन्
• Form: Present, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Plural

• यदा: when
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रमाद्यति: is negligent / errs through heedlessness
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-मद्
• Form: Present, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

• तस्मात्: therefore / from that (reason)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तस्मात् (तद्)

• राज्ञा: by the king
• राज्ञा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• विशेषेण: especially / in particular
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विशेष

• वर्तितव्यम्: should be conducted / must act
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत्
• Form: Gerundive (तव्यत्), Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• प्रजाहिते: in the welfare of the subjects
• प्रजाहिते: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा-हित
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

Speaker

उतथ्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Utathya
• rājā (the king)
• prajā (subjects/people)
• dharma (as the governing norm, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A king’s heedlessness (pramāda) produces widespread harm; therefore rulership must be exercised with special vigilance and firm commitment to dharma, prioritizing the welfare of the people (prajāhita).

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, the sage Utathya warns that when a ruler becomes negligent, many social and moral disorders arise; he concludes by urging the king to govern carefully and for the people’s good.