Shloka 17

धर्मज्ञानां धृतिमतां संग्रामेष्वपपलायिनाम्‌ | राष्ट्र तु येडनुजीवन्ति ये तु राज्ञोडनुजीविन:,सर्वान्‌ सुपरिणीतांस्तान्‌ कारयेथा युधिष्ठिर । युधिष्ठिर! जो धर्मज्ञ, धैर्यवान्‌ और संग्राममें कभी पीठ न दिखानेवाले शूरवीर हैं, जो राज्यमें रहकर जीविका चलाते हैं अथवा राजाके आश्रित रहकर जीते हैं तथा जो मन्त्रिगण और तटस्थवर्गके लोग हैं, वे सब तुम्हारी प्रशंसा करें या निन्दा, तुम्हें सबका सत्कार ही करना चाहिये

dharmajñānāṁ dhṛtimatāṁ saṅgrāmeṣv apapalāyinām | rāṣṭre tu ye ’nujīvanti ye tu rājño ’nujīvinaḥ, sarvān supariṇītāṁs tān kārayethā yudhiṣṭhira ||

ビーシュマは言った。「ユディシュティラよ、ダルマを知り、堅忍にして、戦場において決して背を見せぬ者たち。国土の内で生計を立てる者、また王に依って生きる者たち——そのすべてを、しかるべき敬意と正しい配慮をもって遇せよ。統治者は、かかる価値ある被扶養者と国の奉仕者がよく養われるよう取り計らうべきである。彼らの安定こそが王国の秩序を支え、王の道義の権威を立てるのだから。」

धर्मज्ञानाम्of the knowers of dharma
धर्मज्ञानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
धृतिमताम्of the steadfast/firm-minded
धृतिमताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootधृतिमत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
संग्रामेषुin battles
संग्रामेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अपपलायिनाम्of those who do not flee/retreat
अपपलायिनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअपपलायिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
राष्ट्रेin the kingdom/state
राष्ट्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तुand/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अनुजीवन्तिlive/maintain themselves
अनुजीवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-जीव्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुand/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अनुजीविनःdependents (living under support)
अनुजीविनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनुजीविन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वान्all (of them)
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सुपरिणीतान्well-treated / properly honored
सुपरिणीतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-परि-नीत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कारयेथाःyou should cause to be done / you should treat (thus)
कारयेथाः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (णिच्)
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada, Causative
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
T
the king (rājā/rājñaḥ)
T
the kingdom/state (rāṣṭra)
W
warriors who do not flee (apapalāyin)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must uphold dharma by honoring and properly supporting those who sustain the state—especially the dharma-knowing, steadfast, and courageous defenders, as well as those whose livelihood depends on the realm or the king. Respect and provision are presented as instruments of stable governance and moral legitimacy.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma addresses Yudhishthira after the war, giving practical counsel on how a king should treat key social and military groups. The verse emphasizes ensuring due honor and care for loyal, capable persons who serve or depend upon the kingdom.