Shloka 41
आपद्धर्मे वैश्यवृत्तिः, विक्रय-निषेधाः, तथा ब्रह्म-क्षत्र-सम्बन्धः
Emergency Livelihood, Prohibited Trade, and Brahman–Kshatra Regulation
कि तैयेंडनडुहो नोह्या: किं धेन्वा वाप्यदुग्धया । वन्ध्यया भार्यया को<्ं:र्थ:कोड्ड थो राज्ञाप्परक्षता,जो बोझ न ढो सकें, ऐसे बैलोंसे क्या लाभ? जो दूध न दे, ऐसी गाय किस कामकी? जो बाँझ हो, ऐसी स्त्रीसे क्या प्रयोजन है? और जो रक्षा न कर सके, ऐसे राजासे क्या लाभ है?
kiṁ tair indanaduhobhir nohyaiḥ? kiṁ dhenvā vāpy adugdhayā? vandhyayā bhāryayā ko 'rthaḥ? ko 'rtho rājñāparakṣatā?
ビーシュマは言った。「軛に耐えず荷を運べぬ牡牛に何の用がある。乳を出さぬ牝牛に何の用がある。子を成さぬ妻に何の用がある。そして守護できぬ王に、いかなる益があるのか。」
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse stresses functional dharma: the worth of a role is measured by its essential duty—oxen must bear loads, cows must yield milk, a spouse sustains lineage and household aims, and above all a king must protect. Without fulfilling the defining obligation, the office becomes meaningless.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and conduct, Bhishma addresses the standards of kingship and social responsibility. He uses sharp analogies from agrarian and household life to emphasize that a ruler who cannot protect his people fails the very purpose of being king.