Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 11

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

नगर, जनपद तथा मल्ललोग जहाँ व्यायाम करते हों, उन स्थानोंमें ऐसी युक्तिसे गुप्तचर नियुक्त करने चाहिये, जिससे वे आपसमें भी एक-दूसरेको पहचान न सकें ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | cārāṃś ca vidyāt prahitān pareṇa bharatarṣabha | āpaṇeṣu vihāreṣu samājeṣu ca bhikṣuṣu ||

ビーシュマは言った。「バーラタ族の雄牛よ、王はまた、都と国土、そしてマッラ族が鍛錬する場に、策をもって密偵を置き、彼らが互いにさえ見分けられぬようにせよ。さらに王は、自らの密偵によって、敵が差し向けた間者を見抜かねばならぬ。市において、遊興と往来の場において、集会と祭礼において、さらには乞食・遊行者の群れの中においても監視せよ。庭園や林苑、学者の集い、諸州、辻、会議の堂、施しと宿の家に至るまで探り続けよ。かく慎重にして秘匿なる諜報によって、王は民の営みを乱すことなく国を守るのである。」

चारान्spies
चारान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचार (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विद्यात्should know/ascertain
विद्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रहितान्sent, dispatched
प्रहितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-हि (धातु) / प्रहित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural, Past passive participle (क्त)
परेणby the enemy/other (person)
परेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत + ऋषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
आपणेषुin markets/shops
आपणेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआपण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
विहारेषुin promenades/places of recreation
विहारेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविहार (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
समाजेषुin assemblies/gatherings
समाजेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमाज (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भिक्षुषुamong mendicants/beggars
भिक्षुषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभिक्षु (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
भरतश्रेष्ठO best of the Bharatas
भरतश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत + श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bharatarshabha (addressed king, i.e., Yudhishthira)
S
spies (cāra)
E
enemy (para)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must maintain discreet intelligence networks to detect enemy agents in ordinary public spaces (markets, promenades, assemblies, even among mendicants), thereby protecting the kingdom while minimizing disruption to civic life.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship (rājadharma), Bhishma advises the king (addressed as Bharatarṣabha) on practical governance: how to monitor society for hostile espionage and ensure internal security through counter-intelligence.