Shloka 34
Prāyaścitta-vidhāna: Tapas, Dāna, Vrata, and Proportional Expiation (प्रायश्चित्तविधानम्)
देवानषीन् मनुष्यांश्व पितृन् गृह्माश्व देवता:
devān ṛṣīn manuṣyāṁś ca pitṝn gṛhyāṁś ca devatāḥ
ヴィヤーサは言った。「神々はあらゆる存在の階梯を包み、支え給う—デーヴァ、リシ（ṛṣi・聖仙）、人間、ピトリ（Pitṛ・祖霊）に加え、家の力と儀礼を司る守護神々に至るまで。」『シャーンティ・パルヴァ』の倫理の枠組みにおいて、この一句は、ダルマが単なる社会規範ではなく、人を聖仙・祖先・そして生命と祭祀の責務を支える神聖な力へと結びつける宇宙的秩序であることを示す。
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
Dharma operates across multiple planes: humans are ethically and ritually connected to sages (knowledge), ancestors (gratitude and continuity), and deities (cosmic governance). Right conduct therefore includes honoring these relationships through duty, restraint, and appropriate rites.
Vyāsa is enumerating categories of beings/powers—gods, sages, humans, ancestors, and household presiding deities—to frame a teaching in Śānti Parva that situates human conduct within a wider sacred and moral ecology.