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Shloka 10

Prāyaścitta-vidhāna: Tapas, Dāna, Vrata, and Proportional Expiation (प्रायश्चित्तविधानम्)

अदत्तस्यानुपादानं दानमध्ययनं तप: । अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोध इज्या धर्मस्य लक्षणम्‌,“बिना दी हुई वस्तुको न लेना, दान, अध्ययन और तपमें तत्पर रहना, किसी भी प्राणीकी हिंसा न करना, सत्य बोलना, क्रोध त्याग देना और यज्ञ करना--ये सब धर्मके लक्षण हैं

adattasyānupādānaṁ dānam adhyayanaṁ tapaḥ | ahiṁsā satyam akrodha ijyā dharmasya lakṣaṇam ||

ヴィヤーサは言った。「与えられていないものを取らぬこと、布施、学びと苦行への専心、いかなる生きものも害さぬこと、真実を語ること、怒りを捨てること、そしてヤジュニャ(祭祀)を行うこと——これらがダルマの徴である。」

अदत्तस्यof what is not given
अदत्तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअदत्त (दत्त < √दा)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अनुपादानम्non-acceptance; not taking
अनुपादानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनुपादान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दानम्giving; charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अध्ययनम्study (of scripture)
अध्ययनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअध्ययन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तपःausterity; penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अहिंसाnon-violence
अहिंसा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहिंसा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यम्truth; truthfulness
सत्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अक्रोधःabsence of anger; non-wrath
अक्रोधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्रोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इज्याworship; sacrifice
इज्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइज्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मस्यof dharma
धर्मस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
लक्षणम्mark; characteristic
लक्षणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

Dharma is identified through concrete disciplines: do not appropriate what is not given, practice generosity, cultivate learning and austerity, uphold non-violence and truth, restrain anger, and maintain reverent sacrificial worship. Together these form a practical ethical profile of righteous living.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Vyāsa enumerates defining characteristics (lakṣaṇas) of dharma, presenting a concise list of virtues and practices meant to guide conduct after the devastation of war.