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Shloka 1

अपन क्राता बछ। आर: द्विपज्चाशर्दाधिकत्रिशततमो< ध्याय: नारदके द्वारा इन्द्रको उज्छवृत्तिवाले ब्राह्णकी कथा सुनानेका उपक्रम युधिछिर उवाच धर्मा: पितामहेनोक्ता मोक्षधर्माश्रिता: शुभा: | धर्ममाश्रमिणां श्रेष्ठ वक्तुमहति मे भवान्‌

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca—dharmāḥ pitāmahenoktā mokṣadharmāśritāḥ śubhāḥ | dharmam āśramiṇāṃ śreṣṭhaṃ vaktum arhati me bhavān ||

ユディシュティラは言った。「祖父よ、あなたが説かれた吉祥なるダルマの教え—解脱の道に拠る教え—を私はすでに聞きました。いま、アーシュラマ(人生の四期)の規律に従って生きる者たちのための、最上のダルマをどうか私にお説きください。」

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्माःduties; dharmas
धर्माः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पितामहेनby (you,) O grandsire
पितामहेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उक्ताःspoken; declared
उक्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मोक्षधर्माश्रिताःbased on the dharmas of liberation
मोक्षधर्माश्रिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमोक्षधर्म-आश्रित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शुभाःauspicious; beneficial
शुभाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मम्duty; dharma
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आश्रमिणाम्of those who follow an āśrama (life-stage discipline)
आश्रमिणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रमिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
श्रेष्ठम्best; most excellent
श्रेष्ठम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वक्तुम्to speak; to explain
वक्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormInfinitive (Tumun)
अर्हतिis fit; deserves
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
मेto me; for me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Dative, Singular
भवान्you (honorific)
भवान्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)

Educational Q&A

Yudhiṣṭhira requests a hierarchy of dharma: having heard liberation-oriented teachings, he now asks Bhīṣma to state the सर्वोत्तम (highest) dharma specifically for those living within the āśrama system—implying a synthesis of social duty and spiritual aim.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Yudhiṣṭhira continues his inquiry to Bhīṣma. After listening to mokṣa-dharma, he turns to practical guidance: which form of conduct is supreme for people committed to the disciplines of the life-stages (student, householder, forest-dweller, renunciant).