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Shloka 28

धर्मस्य बहुद्वारत्वम् — Nārada’s Audience with Indra (Śānti-parva 340)

'सत्त्व, रज और तम--ये तीन गुण बताये जाते हैं, जो सम्पूर्ण शरीरोंमें स्थित रहते हैं और विचरते हैं ।। एतान्‌ गुणांस्तु क्षेत्रज्ो भुड्क्ते नैभि: स भुज्यते | निर्गुणो गुणभुक्‌ चैव गुणस्रष्टा गुणाधिक:,“इन गुणोंको क्षेत्रज्ञ स्वयं भोगता है, किंतु इन गुणोंके द्वारा वह क्षेत्रज्ञ भोगा नहीं जाता; क्योंकि वह निर्गुण, गुणोंका भोक्ता, गुणोंका स्रष्टा तथा गुणोंसे उत्कृष्ट है

sattva-rajas-tamaḥ—ime trayo guṇāḥ procyante, ye sarva-śarīreṣu tiṣṭhanti vicarante ca. etān guṇāṁs tu kṣetrajño bhuṅkte; na ebhiḥ sa bhujyate; nirguṇo guṇa-bhuk caiva guṇa-sraṣṭā guṇādhikaḥ.

ビーシュマは語った。「サットヴァ、ラジャス、タマス——これら三つがグナ(性質)であると宣言される。それらはあらゆる有身の存在に宿り、その内に巡り動く。だが、それらのグナを味わい経験するのは『田を知る者』(クシェートラジュニャ、覚知する自己)であって、自己そのものがグナによって味わわれ、あるいは屈服させられるのではない。自己はグナを超え、グナの享受者であり、その戯れが投影される根源であり、すべてのグナに勝るからである。」

एतान्these
एतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गुणान्qualities (gunas)
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
क्षेत्रज्ञःthe knower of the field (Self)
क्षेत्रज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्रज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भुङ्क्तेenjoys/experiences
भुङ्क्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एभिःby these
एभिः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
सःhe/that (Self)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भुज्यतेis enjoyed/affected
भुज्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive
निर्गुणःwithout qualities
निर्गुणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्गुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुणभुक्enjoyer of the qualities
गुणभुक्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणभुज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
गुणस्रष्टाcreator of the qualities
गुणस्रष्टा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुणस्रष्टृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुणाधिकःsuperior to the qualities
गुणाधिकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणाधिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
kṣetrajña (Knower of the Field)
S
sattva
R
rajas
T
tamas
G
guṇas

Educational Q&A

The guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas) operate in all embodied life, but the conscious self (kṣetrajña) is distinct from them: it witnesses and experiences their effects without being reducible to them. Recognizing this distinction supports inner freedom and ethical steadiness, since one learns to govern the guṇas rather than be driven by them.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on peace and right understanding, Bhishma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira about the nature of the self and the workings of prakṛti. Here he explains how the three guṇas pervade embodied existence while the kṣetrajña remains transcendent, framing a contemplative basis for dharma after the war.