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Shloka 84

Śuka’s Guṇa-Transcendence and Vyāsa’s Consolation (शुकगति-वर्णनम्)

परिगणित गुणों और दोषोंमेंसे अमुक गुण या दोष पहले कहना चाहिये और अमुकको पीछे कहना अभीष्ट है। इस प्रकार जो पूर्वापरके क्रमका विचार होता है, उसका नाम क्रम है और जिस वाकयमें ऐसा क्रम हो, उस वाक्यको वाक्यतवेत्ता विद्वान्‌ क्रमयुक्त कहते हैं ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | dharmakāmārthamokṣeṣu pratijñāya viśeṣataḥ | idaṃ tad iti vākyānte procyate sa vinirṇayaḥ ||

ビーシュマは言った。「数え上げられた功徳と過失のうち、どれを先に述べ、どれを後に述べるべきかと前後の順を考えることを『クラマ(次第)』という。そのような次第を備えた文を、言葉に通じた賢者は『クラマユクタ(次第ある文)』と呼ぶ。また、ダルマ・アルタ・カーマ・モークシャの事柄において、師がまずそのうち一つを主題として特に立てると誓い、説の終わりに『これこそが意図された主題である』と結んで定説を確立するなら、その確定された結論をヴィニルナヤ(最終決定)という。」

धर्मin/with regard to dharma
धर्म:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कामin/with regard to desire
काम:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अर्थin/with regard to wealth/aim
अर्थ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मोक्षेषुin/with regard to liberations (i.e., mokṣa as a topic)
मोक्षेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमोक्ष
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
प्रतिज्ञायhaving promised/undertaken
प्रतिज्ञाय:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
विशेषत:especially; in particular
विशेषत::
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतस्
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
वाक्यin the statement/sentence
वाक्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अन्तेat the end
अन्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्रोच्यतेis said/declared
प्रोच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वच्
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular, Passive
सःthat (he/it)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विनिर्णयःfinal determination; conclusion
विनिर्णयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविनिर्णय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

A discourse becomes a firm doctrinal conclusion (vinirṇaya) when the speaker first announces a specific thesis about one of the four aims of life—dharma, artha, kāma, or mokṣa—and then explicitly seals it at the end by identifying it as the intended point (“this is that”).

In the Shanti Parva’s instructional setting, Bhishma is teaching Yudhishthira principles of correct exposition and doctrinal clarity—how a teacher frames a topic, maintains focus, and concludes with a decisive statement that fixes the intended meaning.