Shloka 80

Śuka’s Guṇa-Transcendence and Vyāsa’s Consolation (शुकगति-वर्णनम्)

Devanagari script

एषामेकैकशोडर्थानां सौक्ष्म्यादीनां स्वलक्षणम्‌ | शृणु संसार्यमाणानां पदार्थयदवाक्यत:

Transliteration

eṣām ekaikaśo 'rthānāṁ saukṣmyādīnāṁ svalakṣaṇam | śṛṇu saṁsāryamāṇānāṁ padārthayad avākyataḥ ||

Translation

ビーシュマは言った。「いま、微妙精緻をはじめとするそれぞれの意の、別々の定義標を聞け。語、文、語義、そして文全体が伝える文意として順に解き明かしてゆくゆえ、ひとつひとつ聴くがよい。」

Word by Word

• एषाम्: of these
• एषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Plural

• एकैक: of each one (severally)
• एकैक: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एकैक
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• षोडश: sixteen
• षोडश: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: षोडश
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• अर्थानाम्: of the meanings/entities
• अर्थानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• सौक्ष्म्य: subtlety
• सौक्ष्म्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौक्ष्म्य
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• आदीनाम्: and the like (etc.)
• आदीनाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आदि
• Form: Used in the sense of 'etc.'; here with genitive plural ending by usage in compounds/elliptic construction

• स्वलक्षणम्: its own defining characteristic
• स्वलक्षणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वलक्षण
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• शृणु: hear (listen)
• शृणु: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु
• Form: Imperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

• संसार्यमाणानाम्: of those being set forth/expounded
• संसार्यमाणानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संसार्य (from धातु √सृ/√सार् with सम्-; causative/passive participial formation)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural, Present passive participle (मान)

• पद: by words
• पद: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• अर्थ: by meanings/senses
• अर्थ: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• यत्: by which
• यत्: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• वाक्यतः: from/according to the sentence (as a whole)
• वाक्यतः: Apadana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वाक्य
• Form: Ablative adverbial form in -तः

Speaker

भीष्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhishma introduces a method of precise understanding: concepts like “subtlety” are to be grasped through their individual definitions, and clarified via levels of linguistic meaning—word, sentence, word-meaning, and sentence-meaning.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instructional setting, Bhishma signals a transition into detailed exposition, inviting the listener to attend as he explains each concept systematically and defines it distinctly.