Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 38

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

गन्धर्वपते! आपने जो विश्वा और अविश्व इत्यादि कहकर यह प्रश्नावली उपस्थित की है, उसमें विश्वा अव्यक्त प्रकृतिका नाम है। यह संसार-बन्धनमें डालनेवाली होनेके कारण भूत, भविष्य और वर्तमान तीनों कालोंमें भयंकर है--इस बातको आप अच्छी तरह समझ लें।।

Gandharvapate! āpane yo viśvā aviśva ityādī kahakara yaḥ praśnāvalī upasthita kī hai, usameṃ viśvā avyaktaprakṛtikā nāma hai. yaha saṃsāra-bandhana meṃ ḍālanevālī hone ke kāraṇa bhūta, bhaviṣya aura vartamāna tīnoṃ kāloṃ meṃ bhayaṅkara hai—isa bāta ko āpa acchī taraha samajha leṃ. triguṇaṃ guṇakartṛtvād aviśvo niṣkalas tathā | aśvaśnāśvā ca mithunam evam evānudṛśyate ||

ヤージュニャヴァルキヤは言った。「ガンダルヴァの主よ! 汝が『ヴィシュヴァー』と『アヴィシュヴァ』などと称して立てた一連の問いにおいて、知れ—『ヴィシュヴァー』とは無顕のプラクリティ(Prakṛti)を指す名である。それは衆生を輪廻(サンサーラ)の束縛へ投げ込むがゆえに、過去・未来・現在の三時において恐るべきものだ。これを明らかに悟れ。それは三徳(トリグナ)によって三相をなし、また三徳の果を生ぜしめる作者であるがゆえに『アヴィシュヴァ』とも呼ばれる。さらにそれは『ニシュカラ』(無分)でもある。馬と非馬のような対立の双相として見られ、かくのごとくに知覚されるのだ。」

त्रि-गुणम्threefold; consisting of three guṇas
त्रि-गुणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिगुण
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
गुण-कर्तृत्वात्because of being the doer/agent of guṇas
गुण-कर्तृत्वात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगुणकर्तृत्व
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अ-विश्वःthe ‘Aviśva’ (name/term)
अ-विश्वः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअविश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निष्कलःpartless; without portions
निष्कलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्कल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अश्व-श्नाhorse-eating (one who eats horses)
अश्व-श्ना:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअश्वश्ना
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अ-श्वाnot-a-dog / non-dog (as a term); lit. ‘not śvā’
अ-श्वा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअश्वा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मिथुनम्a pair; a couple
मिथुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमिथुन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
एवम्thus; in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अनु-दृश्यतेis seen accordingly; appears
अनु-दृश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormLat (Present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular, Passive/Impersonal (seen/appears)

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
G
Gandharva-pati (lord of the Gandharvas)
V
Viśvā
A
Aviśva
P
Prakṛti (Avyakta)

Educational Q&A

The verse identifies ‘Viśvā’ with unmanifest Prakṛti, portraying it as the source of saṃsāric bondage across all time. It further characterizes this principle as tri-guṇa (structured by the three guṇas), yet in another sense ‘niṣkala’ (undivided), and explains that it is apprehended through paired opposites in experience.

In Śānti Parva’s philosophical instruction, Yājñavalkya responds to the Gandharva-lord’s set of questions about terms like ‘Viśvā’ and ‘Aviśva.’ He clarifies the referents of these terms and frames them within a Prakṛti/guṇa-based analysis of how the world is experienced and how bondage arises.