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Shloka 5

Śuka–Janaka Saṃvāda: Āśrama-krama, Jñāna-vijñāna, and the Marks of Liberation (शुक-जनक संवादः)

सांख्यदर्शी विद्वानोंके कथनानुसार दोनों हाथ अध्यात्म हैं, कर्तव्य अधिभूत है और इन्द्र अधिदैवत हैं ।। वागध्यात्ममिति प्राहुर्यथा श्रुतिनिदर्शिन: । वक्तव्यमधिभूतं तु वह्निस्तत्राधिदिवतम्‌,वेदार्थपर विचार करनेवाले विद्वान्‌ जैसा कहते हैं, उसके अनुसार वाक्‌ अध्यात्म है, वक्तव्य अधिभूत है और अग्नि अधिदैवत हैं

vāg adhyātmam iti prāhur yathā śruti-nidarśinaḥ | vaktavyam adhibhūtaṁ tu vahnīs tatrādhidaivatam ||

ヤージュニャヴァルキヤは言った。「ヴェーダの義を示す聖賢たちの宣言するところによれば、言葉(vāk)は内なる霊的原理(adhyātma)であり、語られるべき対象は外界の元素的領域(adhibhūta)である。そしてこの三位において、火神アグニ(Agni)が主宰する神的権能(adhidaivata)である。」

वाक्speech
वाक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अध्यात्मम्the inner/self (adhyātma)
अध्यात्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअध्यात्म
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
प्राहुःthey said/declare
प्राहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + अह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यथाas, according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
श्रुति-निदर्शिनःthose who cite/point to the Śruti
श्रुति-निदर्शिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुति-निदर्शिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वक्तव्यम्that which is to be spoken (the utterable)
वक्तव्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवक्तव्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अधिभूतम्the elemental/physical (adhibhūta)
अधिभूतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअधिभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
वह्निःfire (Agni)
वह्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवह्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere/in that context
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
अधिदैवतम्the divine presiding principle (adhidaivata)
अधिदैवतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअधिदैवत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

याज़्वल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
V
Vāk (Speech)
A
Agni (Vahni, Fire)
Ś
Śruti (Vedic revelation)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a threefold mapping used in Vedic and philosophical interpretation: (1) the inner faculty (adhyātma) is speech itself, (2) the external/objective counterpart (adhibhūta) is the content that is spoken, and (3) the divine presiding power (adhidaivata) governing this function is Agni. It frames human cognition and expression as linked to cosmic and ritual principles.

In Śānti Parva’s instructional setting, Yājñavalkya is explaining doctrinal correspondences cited by authoritative Vedic interpreters. He is not narrating an event but delivering a philosophical clarification about how speech and its object are understood across the adhyātma–adhibhūta–adhidaivata framework.