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Shloka 4

अव्यक्त-गुण-पुरुषविवेकः | Avyakta, Guṇas, and Discrimination of Puruṣa

कोशकारो यथा<55त्मानं कीट: समवरुन्धति । सूत्रतन्तुगुणर्नित्यं तथायमगुणो गुणौ:,जैसे रेशमका कीड़ा अपने ही उत्पन्न किये हुए तन्तुओंसे अपनेको सब ओरसे बाँध लेता है, उसी प्रकार यह निर्गुण आत्मा भी अपने ही प्रकट किये हुए प्राकृत गुणोंसे बाँध जाता है

kośakāro yathātmānaṁ kīṭaḥ samavarundhati | sūtratantuguṇair nityaṁ tathāyam aguṇo guṇaiḥ ||

ヴァシシュタは言った。「蚕が自ら吐き出した糸によって四方から身を包み、己を縛りつけるように、この自己(真我)も—真実にはあらゆる性質を超えているにもかかわらず—自ら顕現したグナ(guṇa、物質的自然の様態)によって束縛される。ここに示されるのは倫理的な警醒である。束縛は外からのみ課されるのではなく、自己の習癖と同一化によって織り上げられる。そして解放は、グナを「自己にあらず」と見分けることから始まる。」

कोशकारःcocoon-maker (silkworm)
कोशकारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकोशकार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
आत्मानम्himself
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कीटःworm, insect
कीटः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकीट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समवरुन्धतिencloses, binds in on all sides
समवरुन्धति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + अव + रुध्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सूत्रतन्तुगुणैःby the thread-fiber strands
सूत्रतन्तुगुणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसूत्रतन्तुगुण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
नित्यम्always, constantly
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
तथाso, in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अगुणःquality-less, beyond guṇas
अगुणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुणैःby the qualities (guṇas)
गुणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
गुणवान्as if possessed of qualities
गुणवान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
S
silkworm (kośakāra/kīṭa)
T
threads/filaments (sūtra-tantu)
G
guṇas (qualities/modes of prakṛti)
Ā
ātman (Self)

Educational Q&A

Bondage is self-woven: the Self is intrinsically attributeless (aguṇa), yet through identification with the guṇas of prakṛti—habits, emotions, and mental dispositions it helps manifest—it experiences confinement. Discriminative knowledge (viveka) loosens this identification and points toward liberation.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation, Vasiṣṭha uses a vivid analogy: like a silkworm trapped in its own cocoon, the embodied being becomes trapped by its own produced guṇas. The verse functions as a didactic image within a larger discourse on how saṁsāra arises and how it can be transcended.