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Shloka 96

Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)

प्रकृतिं चाप्यतिक्रम्य गच्छत्यात्मानमव्ययम्‌ | परं नारायणात्मान निर्दद प्रकृते: परम्‌

prakṛtiṃ cāpyatikramya gacchaty ātmānam avyayam | paraṃ nārāyaṇātmānaṃ nirdvandvaṃ prakṛteḥ param | bharatanandana dharmātmā rājā yudhiṣṭhira |

ビーシュマは言った。「個我が、物質自然たるプラクリティすら超え去るとき、二元を離れ、プラクリティを超越する、不滅の真我へと進む。すなわち本質をナーラーヤナとする至上者へと至るのである。バーラタの誉れ、正法の王ユディシュティラよ。かの至上ブラフマン、最高我(パラマートマン)は、サットヴァ・ラジャス・タマスの三グナを遍く貫き、また बुद्धि(知性)、मन(心)、虚空、風、火、水、地の諸性—まことに万有—を自らの威力によって遍満しつつ、すべての『田を知る者』(クシェートラジュニャ、衆生の霊我)の内に住する。師の後を弟子が従うように、心と諸根、そして吉凶の業もまた、身を帯びた我の後に従う。自我が去り、諸根とプラクリティを置き去りにするとき、マーヤーを超え、対立の二辺に触れられぬ、ナーラーヤナの相を具えた不滅の最高我に到達する。」

प्रकृतिम्nature (prakṛti)
प्रकृतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अतिक्रम्यhaving transcended/overstepped
अतिक्रम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रम्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral in gerund)
गच्छतिgoes/attains
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormLat, Present, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
आत्मानम्the Self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अव्ययम्imperishable
अव्ययम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परम्supreme
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
नारायण-आत्मानम्the Self whose essence is Nārāyaṇa / Nārāyaṇa as the Self
नारायण-आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनारायण + आत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
निर्द्वन्द्वम्free from dualities
निर्द्वन्द्वम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्द्वन्द्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रकृतेःof nature (prakṛti)
प्रकृतेः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
परम्beyond/supreme
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
भरत-नन्दनO delight of Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भरत-नन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत + नन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धर्म-आत्माrighteous-souled
धर्म-आत्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म + आत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
N
Nārāyaṇa
P
Parabrahman
P
Paramātmā
P
Prakṛti
G
guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas)
B
buddhi
M
manas
Ā
ākāśa
V
vāyu
T
tejas
J
jala
P
pṛthivī
K
kṣetrajña (jīva)

Educational Q&A

Liberation is described as the self’s transcendence of Prakṛti and the senses, culminating in realization/attainment of the imperishable Supreme—Nārāyaṇa—who is beyond the guṇas and all dualities. Ethical causality (śubha-aśubha karma) follows the embodied self, so freedom requires going beyond identification with mind, senses, and material nature.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma continues his post-war teaching to King Yudhiṣṭhira, explaining the metaphysical structure of reality (guṇas, elements, mind/intellect) and how the jīva is accompanied by mind, senses, and karma, until—through transcendence—it reaches the Supreme Nārāyaṇa, beyond māyā and duality.