Shloka 10
Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)
आयुषश्नच परं कालं॑ लोके विज्ञाय तत्त्वत: । सुखस्य च परं तत्त्वं विज्ञाय वदतां वर
bhīṣma uvāca | āyuṣaś ca paraṃ kālaṃ loke vijñāya tattvataḥ | sukhasya ca paraṃ tattvaṃ vijñāya vadatāṃ vara ||
ビーシュマは言った。「語りの最勝者よ、この世において寿命と時の究極の限界を真に見極め、また幸福の最高原理を悟るならば、人は経験をそのままに裁き得る。すなわち、世の享楽の及ぶところと限界とを見定め、知性を苦を超える道へと向けるのである。」
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
True wisdom begins with realistic discernment: understanding the limits of lifespan and time, and grasping what happiness ultimately is. This insight supports ethical clarity and motivates a shift from transient sense-pleasures toward liberating knowledge (jñāna) and disciplined practice (yoga).
In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and liberation-oriented wisdom. Here he frames the discussion by praising the knower who has correctly understood time, mortality, and the highest principle of happiness—setting the stage for deeper analysis of worldly experience and the paths of sāṅkhya and yoga.