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Shloka 51

Saṃhāra-krama (The Sequence of Cosmic Dissolution) — Yājñavalkya’s Discourse

यथा कश्रिद्‌ वन॑ घोरं बहुसर्पसरीसूपम्‌ । श्वभ्रवत्‌ तोयहीनं च दुर्गमें बहुकण्टकम्‌

yathā kaścid vanaṁ ghoraṁ bahu-sarpa-sarīsṛpam | śvabhravat toyahīnaṁ ca durgamaṁ bahu-kaṇṭakam ||

ビーシュマは言った。「たとえば、無水の深い谷のように恐ろしい森があり、無数の蛇や這うものが群れ、道は険しく棘に満ち、糧はほとんど得られず、危難が至るところに潜む——その森を無事に旅し得る者は、まことに稀である。これと同じく、ヨーガの道に帰依しても、そこを巧みに進み得る二生者(ドヴィジャ)は稀である。なぜなら、その道は多くの過失と艱難に満ちると説かれているからだ。」

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
कश्चित्someone, a certain (person)
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वनम्forest
वनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
घोरम्terrible, dreadful
घोरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बहु-सर्प-सरीसृपम्full of many snakes and creeping creatures
बहु-सर्प-सरीसृपम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुसर्पसरीसृप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्वभ्रवत्like a pit/abyss
श्वभ्रवत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वभ्रवत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तोय-हीनम्devoid of water
तोय-हीनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतोयहीन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दुर्गमम्hard to traverse
दुर्गमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्गम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बहु-कण्टकम्full of many thorns
बहु-कण्टकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुकण्टक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
F
forest (vana)
S
snakes (sarpa)
C
creeping creatures/reptiles (sarīsṛpa)
P
pit/ravine (śvabhra)
T
thorns (kaṇṭaka)
Y
Yoga path (yogamārga) (implied by the prose context)
T
twice-born (dvija) (implied by the prose context)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the yogic path is intrinsically difficult and perilous—like crossing a deadly, thorny, waterless forest—and therefore only a rare, well-prepared practitioner can proceed safely; it calls for vigilance, endurance, and freedom from common pitfalls.

In Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on higher dharma and spiritual disciplines. Here he uses a vivid simile of a dangerous forest journey to explain why progress on the path of Yoga is uncommon and requires exceptional steadiness.