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Shloka 3

Haṃsa–Sādhya Saṃvāda: Satya, Dama, Kṣamā and the Discipline of Speech

सगर उवाच किं श्रेय: परम॑ ब्रह्मन्‌ कृत्वेह सुखमश्रुते । कथं न शोचेन्न क्षुभ्येदेतदिच्छामि वेदितुम्‌,सगरने पूछा--ब्रह्मन! इस जगत्‌में मनुष्य किस परम कल्याणकारी कर्मका अनुष्ठान करके सुखका भागी होता है? तथा किस उपायसे उसे शोक या क्षोभ प्राप्त नहीं होता? यह मैं जानना चाहता हूँ

Sagara uvāca: kiṁ śreyaḥ paramaṁ brahman kṛtveha sukham aśnute | kathaṁ na śocen na kṣubhyed etad icchāmi veditum ||

サガラは言った。「尊きバラモンよ、至上の善とは何でしょうか。この世において何を行えば人は幸福を得るのでしょうか。また、いかなる手立てによって悲嘆せず、内心が動揺しないのでしょうか。それを知りたいのです。」

सगरःSagara
सगरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसगर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
श्रेयःthe highest good
श्रेयः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
परम्supreme
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
ब्रह्मन्O Brahmin / O sage
ब्रह्मन्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
इहhere (in this world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अश्रुतेattains/obtains
अश्रुते:
TypeVerb
Rootअश्रु (अ-श्रु)
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शोचेत्would grieve
शोचेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootशुच्
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षुभ्येत्would be agitated
क्षुभ्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootक्षुभ्
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छामिI wish/desire
इच्छामि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
वेदितुम्to know
वेदितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
Formतुमुन् (infinitive), Active

सगर उवाच

S
Sagara

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a classic dharma-śāstra and mokṣa inquiry: identifying the supreme good (śreyas), the right kind of action that yields true happiness, and the inner discipline by which one becomes free from grief (śoka) and mental disturbance (kṣobha).

King Sagara respectfully questions a Brahmin sage, seeking guidance on the best course of life—what to practice for genuine happiness and how to remain unshaken by sorrow and turmoil.