Shloka 16
जनक–पराशर संवादः — वर्ण-गोत्र-धर्मविचारः
Janaka–Parāśara: Varṇa, Gotra, and Dharma Inquiry
इन्द्रियाणि च कर्ता च विचेतव्यानि भागश: । तमः सत्त्वं रजश्चैव तेडपि भावास्तदाश्रया:
indriyāṇi ca kartā ca vicetavyāni bhāgaśaḥ | tamaḥ sattvaṃ rajaś caiva teḍ api bhāvās tadāśrayāḥ ||
ビーシュマは語った。「諸感官と行為者（身に宿る自己）とは、それぞれの働きと行為における分担に従って、部分ごとに分けて見極めねばならぬ。同様に、タマス（闇）、サットヴァ（清明）、ラジャス（激動）—そしてそれらから生ずるさまざまな心の傾向—は、すべてその自己に依り、その自己のうちに宿る。ゆえに行いを裁くには、どの機能が働き、どのグナが優勢であり、自己がそれらのグナによっていかに縛られ、また解かれるかを理解せよ。」
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Discernment (viveka): distinguish the senses from the agent and understand how the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas) and their resulting dispositions operate with the self as their locus. Ethical judgment and liberation-oriented practice depend on recognizing which faculty and which guṇa is driving behavior.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira by presenting an analytical framework: separate the roles of senses and agent, and interpret conduct through the dynamics of the guṇas and their mental states.