Shloka 13
जनक–पराशर संवादः — वर्ण-गोत्र-धर्मविचारः
Janaka–Parāśara: Varṇa, Gotra, and Dharma Inquiry
सत्त्वं रजस्तम: काल: कर्म बुद्धिश्च भारत । मनःषष्ठानि चैतेषु ईश्वर: समकल्पयत्
sattvaṁ rajas tamaḥ kālaḥ karma buddhiś ca bhārata | manaḥ-ṣaṣṭhāni caiteṣu īśvaraḥ samakalpayat bharatanandana ||
ビーシュマは語った。「おおバーラタよ、バーラタ族の歓びよ。主は、身を受けた生きものの内に、サットヴァ・ラジャス・タマスの三要素を、また時（カーラ）、業（カルマ）、そして बुद्धि（ブッディ、知性）を—さらに意（マナス）を諸感官のうち第六のはたらきとして—整えて授け給うた。ゆえに、衆生が思惟し、選び、行うための内なる装備は偶然ではなく、秩序ある賜物である。そこから道徳の葛藤も生じ、同時に、鍛錬による自己統御の可能性も開かれるのだ。」
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse explains that embodied life operates through an ordained inner framework: the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas), along with time, karma, and buddhi, and the mind as the coordinating sixth faculty among the senses. Ethical life therefore involves understanding these forces and cultivating discernment so that action is guided rather than driven.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīṣma continues a philosophical-ethical exposition on the constituents of the person and the causes behind behavior. He frames human agency and moral responsibility within a cosmic order established by Īśvara.