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Shloka 37

Aśmagīta: Janaka’s Inquiry on Loss, Kāla, and the Limits of Control (अश्मगीता)

ये चैव पुरुषा: स्त्रीभिर्गीतवाद्यैरुपस्थिता: । ये चानाथा: परान्नादा: कालस्तेषु समक्रिय:,जगत्‌में जिन धनवान पुरुषोंकी सेवामें बहुत-सी सुन्दरियाँ गीत और वाद्योंके साथ उपस्थित हुआ करती हैं और जो अनाथ मनुष्य दूसरोंके अन्नपर जीवन-निर्वाह करते हैं, उन सबके प्रति कालकी समान चेष्टा होती है

ye caiva puruṣāḥ strībhir gītavādyair upasthitāḥ | ye cānāthāḥ parānnādāḥ kālas teṣu samakriyaḥ ||

ジャナカは言った。「歌と楽器を携えた多くの女たちに侍られる富める男であろうと、身寄りなく他人の施しの食に頼る者であろうと、時は彼らすべてに等しく働く。」

येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पुरुषाःmen/persons
पुरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्त्रीभिःby/with women
स्त्रीभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
गीतवाद्यैःwith songs and musical instruments
गीतवाद्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगीत-वाद्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
उपस्थिताःpresent/attending
उपस्थिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउप-स्था (उपस्थित)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनाथाःhelpless/orphaned
अनाथाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनाथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परान्नादाःliving on others' food
परान्नादाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर-अन्न-आद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कालःTime (Death)
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेषुamong/in them
तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
समक्रियःacting equally/impartial in action
समक्रियः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम-क्रिय (समक्रिय)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

जनक उवाच

J
Janaka
K
kāla (Time)

Educational Q&A

Time (and thus death and change) is impartial: social status, luxury, and dependence may differ, but all are equally subject to impermanence. The ethical implication is to cultivate detachment and right conduct rather than pride in prosperity or despair in poverty.

King Janaka is speaking in a reflective, instructive mode, contrasting two extremes—those surrounded by pleasures and attendants, and those who are unprotected and live on others’ food—to emphasize that Time’s power reaches both without distinction.