Shloka 22

सर्ववर्णेषु जातेषु नासीत्‌ कश्रनिद्‌ व्यतिक्रम: । व्यस्तमेकं चतुर्धा हि ब्राह्मणा आश्रमं विदु:,पूर्वकालमें सब वर्णोंकी उत्पत्ति हो जानेपर आश्रमके विषयमें कोई वैषम्य नहीं था। तदनन्तर एक ही आश्रमको अवस्था-भेदसे चार भागोंमें विभक्त किया गया। इस बातको सभी ब्राह्मण जानते रहे

sarvavarṇeṣu jāteṣu nāsīt kaścid vyatikramaḥ | vyastam ekaṃ caturdhā hi brāhmaṇā āśramaṃ viduḥ ||

カピラは言った。「すべての身分(ヴァルナ)が生じた当初、人生の修行規範(アーシュラマ)については、逸脱も不平等もなかった。のちに、もとは一つであった生の道が四つの段階に分けられた。これはバラモンたちの知るところである。」

सर्ववर्णेषुamong/in all varṇas (social classes)
सर्ववर्णेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ववर्ण
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
जातेषुwhen (they) had been born/produced
जातेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootजात
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आसीत्was/existed
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कश्चनany (at all)
कश्चन:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकश्चन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यतिक्रमःtransgression/irregularity/inequality
व्यतिक्रमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यतिक्रम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यस्तम्divided/arranged (as separated)
व्यस्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यस्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एकम्one (single)
एकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चतुर्धाfourfold; into four parts
चतुर्धा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचतुर्धा
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आश्रमम्āśrama (stage of life)
आश्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विदुःknow; have known
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
पूर्वकालेin former times
पूर्वकाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्वकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

कपिल उवाच

K
Kapila
V
varṇa
Ā
āśrama
B
brāhmaṇas

Educational Q&A

Kapila teaches that the life-discipline (āśrama) was originally conceived as a single, non-discriminatory framework across varṇas, and only later became articulated into four distinct stages—implying that ethical life precedes and can transcend later social compartmentalization.

In Śānti Parva’s didactic dialogue, Kapila explains an earlier condition of social-religious practice: after the emergence of the varṇas there was no disparity in āśrama observance, but subsequently the one āśrama was divided into four stages, a tradition remembered by learned Brahmanas.