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Shloka 14

भिक्षुलक्षणम्—एकचर्याः, अहिंसा, कैवल्याश्रमः

Marks of the Mendicant: Solitary Wandering, Non-Injury, and the Kaivalya-Discipline

जंगम जीवोंमें भी बहुत पैरवाले और दो पैरवाले--ये दो तरहके प्राणी होते हैं। इनमें बहुत पैरवालोंकी अपेक्षा दो पैरवाले अनेक प्राणी श्रेष्ठ बताये गये हैं ।। द्विपदानि द्वयान्याहु: पार्थिवानीतराणि च । पार्थिवानि विशिष्टानि तानि ह्ान्नानि भुज्जते,दो पैरवाले जंगम प्राणी भी दो प्रकारके कहे गये हैं--पार्थिव (मुनष्य) और अपार्थिव (पक्षी)। अपार्थिवोंसे पार्थिव श्रेष्ठ हैं, क्योंकि वे अन्न भोजन करते हैं

jaṅgama-jīveṣu api bahu-pāda-vantaḥ dvi-pāda-vantaś ca—ete dvi-vidhāḥ prāṇinaḥ bhavanti | teṣu bahu-pādebhyaḥ dvi-pādā aneke prāṇinaḥ śreṣṭhā iti kathitāḥ || dvi-padāni dvayāny āhuḥ pārthivāni itarāṇi ca | pārthivāni viśiṣṭāni tāni hy annāni bhuñjate ||

ヴィヤーサは説く。動く生きものには大別して二つがある。多足のものと二足のものである。そのうち二足のものは、多足のものよりもしばしば勝ると見なされる。さらに二足の中でも、賢者は二類を立てる—地に縛られた者(pārthiva、すなわち人)と、地に縛られぬ者(itarāṇi、すなわち鳥)である。地に縛られた者が上位とされるのは、耕作された食(anna、穀)を食して生きるからであり、それは本能のままではなく、人の規律と社会の義務、整えられた糧によって営まれる生活を示す。

द्विपदानिtwo-footed beings
द्विपदानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विपद
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
द्वयानिtwo kinds (pairs)
द्वयानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
आहुःthey say / have said
आहुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
पार्थिवानिearthly ones (humans)
पार्थिवानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
इतराणिthe other ones (non-earthly)
इतराणि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootइतर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पार्थिवानिearthly ones (humans)
पार्थिवानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
विशिष्टानिdistinguished / superior
विशिष्टानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
तानिthose
तानि:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed / for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
अन्नानिfoods / grains
अन्नानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
भुञ्जतेthey eat / enjoy
भुञ्जते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
J
jaṅgama-jīva (moving creatures)
P
pārthiva (humans)
I
itarāṇi/apārthiva (birds)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a graded view of living beings: two-footed creatures are generally considered superior to many-footed ones, and among two-footed beings, humans (pārthiva) are ranked above birds because their life is sustained by anna—cultivated food—suggesting a dharma-shaped existence involving restraint, social responsibility, and regulated livelihood.

Vyāsa is instructing by classification: he categorizes mobile creatures and then refines the category of two-footed beings into humans and birds, using the criterion of food and mode of life to indicate why humans are treated as ethically and socially distinctive in the Shānti Parva’s didactic context.